The black nobility is the base of the global crime syndicate that controls this planet. The black nobility or black aristocracy are the aristocratic families that sided with the papacy under Pope Pius IX after the army of the Kingdom of Italy led by the Savoy family entered Rome on September 20, 1870, overthrew the pope . and the Papal States, and took over the Quirinal Palace, and the nobles later ennobled by the Pope prior to the Lateran Treaty of 1929. Any family that produced popes for the Vatican is royalty. Most of the black nobility are Vatican royalty. The black nobility consider themselves sovereign princes. These families earned the title of "black" nobility for their relentless unscrupulousness. They used murder, rape, kidnapping, robbery and all kinds of deception on a large scale, without resisting the achievement of their objectives. The black nobility were the families that financed and created the holy corporation of the Vatican with the aim of imposing world slavery as a necessary institution, with the sole belief that some are born to rule and others to be ruled. The idea that certain families were born to rule as an arbitrary elite, while the vast majority of a given population is condemned to oppression, servitude, or slavery became the theological position of this elite. The "New World Order" is an attempt to take control of society by these fascist families with the purpose of the total slavery of humanity.
The Vatican is an imperial nation and is the largest empire in this world. The Vatican City, or the Holy Vatican Corporation, officially the Vatican City State, is a nation that operates as the largest intelligence network in the world. The Holy See is the "All-Seeing Eye" in society and a corporate entity connected to many other corporations and governments through papal and royal statutes. Archbishops and high-level bishops are the overseers of society within their districts and oversee politics, police, business, and organized crime. The same year that the professor of ecclesiastical law and practical philosophy at the University of Ingolstadt, Adam Weishaupt, created the Order of the Illuminati, was the same year that they created the United States as a corporation to run it as their private army and lead I dig the agenda of a "New World Order" for the elites, mainly, thanks to the infiltrated Freemasonry and directed by the Jesuits.
The New World Order is a conspiracy of lineage at the top. They are ancient and evil bloodlines that build and destroy empires for control through an order out of chaos. Royal and noble houses are corporate entities and claim to rule and own land, resources, and people. Landlords have always been the dominant owners of gold and precious metals. They empower and finance bankers and entrepreneurs to work for them through their corporate homes. They authorize and issue the creation of laws, agencies, the military, companies, and universities. They create and run religions and secret societies. They also finance and organize organized crime syndicates as if they were commercial enterprises. Some of the major royal bloodlines include Savoy, Bourbon, Medici, Glücksburg, Wittelsbach, Nassau-Weilberg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Romanov, Grimaldi, Orleans, Braganza, Habsburg, Hannover, Windsor, Saud, Thani, Khalifa, Alouwite , Zogu, Hohenzollern, Orange-Nassau, Bonaparte and Bernadotte. Many royal bloodlines still rule their nations as heads of state such as the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Monaco, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Morocco, Sweden, Norway, and Luxembourg. The Vatican City State is also a kingdom with the Pope of Rome as its monarch. The Black Nobility are the ancient bloodlines of the Papal States and they own the Holy See and the Vatican. They produced the first popes of Rome and held leadership positions in the Vatican from its inception. The Colonna and Torlonia still hold the hereditary positions of the Assistant Princes to the Papal Throne. The black nobility consider themselves sovereign princes. The Vatican is used as a central point of control and the Holy See is one of the oldest and most criminal corporate entities in existence. The Spanish Catholic Church is immensely rich, it has not suffered the crisis and also enjoys a true tax haven, being free to pay taxes, such as the IBI, works, companies, etc. The vast majority of the assets in their possession and on their accounts are completely opaque. This situation is illegitimate, unfair and presumably illegal, and this occurs with the complicity and consent of the public powers.
The Erlach and Brandi families are Swiss tax advisers who enable corruption, bribery, criminal financing, and money laundering. The Swiss Guard is the one that protects the Vatican City State. The Swiss cantons have been in contract with the Vatican for centuries and Switzerland is basically a papal state with the noble Roman saints claiming partial ownership. The German house of Baden-Zahringen founded Bern, in Switzerland. The House of Savoy ruled the regions of Switzerland for hundreds of years. Some of the most important bloodlines of the Black Nobility are: Massimo, Colonna, Pallavicini, Odescalchi, Ruspoli, Orsini, Aldobrandini, Sforza-Cesarini, Boncompagni-Ludovisi, Chigi-Albani-Della Rovere, Doria-Pamphilj, Rospigliosi, Giustiniani , Torlonia, Corsini, Borghese, Del Drago, Lucchesi-Palli, and Gaetani. The Pecci and Pacelli families are more recent bloodlines of the Black Nobility. The black nobility share ownership over the Holy See, which is a corporate entity based in the Vatican City State that was established as a nation in 1929 under Benito Mussolini, who was put in power by the House of Savoy. The Mussolini and Franco families became nobles after their fascist regimes. The Black Nobility also owns the Knights of Malta, the Jesuits, and the Cosa Nostra. The Black Nobility established branches in southern Italy and married Sicilian-Campanian nobles such as the Lanza di Scalea, Adragna, Sanseverino, Tomasi di Lampedusa, Paterno, Cattaneo, Serena di Lapigio and Rocco di Torrepadula families. Many Italian crime families were Sicilian nobles like the Bonanno and Bellomo families. Both the mafia bosses and the Italian and Spanish nobles call themselves Dons, which is the equivalent of Boos (boss) of crime. The Savoy, Savoy-Aosta, Medici, Borbon-Dos Sicilias, and Borbon-Parma families are members of Italian royalty and are married to various European royal bloodlines and Black Nobility. Most of the monarchs are members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Prince Carlo Massimo has been overseeing the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as President of the Italian Association of SMOM. The Knights of Malta have an undercover operation at the Jesuit School of Foreign Service in Georgetown, run by Joel Hellman. The Jesuits and the Knights of Malta basically run the Defense Department alongside British Crown agents and high-level Freemasons. Prince Carlo de Borbón-Dos Sicilias is a high commander of the Society of Jesus through his Sacred Constantinian Military Order of Saint George. The Jesuits were authorized by Pope Paul III of the Farnese family. The Bourbon-Dos Sicilias and Borbon-Parma families are the continuation of the Farnese family, the name Farnesivs is engraved in the Jesuit headquarters called the Church of Gesu in Rome. The Farnese family lived in a pentagonal fortress called Farnese Villa Caprarola, which is the basis for the design of the American Pentagon. Jesuits are involved in education, politics, banking, science, law, and especially military intelligence. The Italian Bourbons have established residences all over the world, including Florida. Jesuits need to be investigated and banned, they have rightly been expelled from almost every country in the world, but they always end up coming back. In Spain three times, his last return was at the hands of General Franco.
The Holy See is a corporate body that issues laws and bills, such as the Golden Bull, which claims ownership of the Kingdom of England and identifies the emperor as the sovereign of the only legitimate universal empire, directly chosen by God. The Pope claims temporal power or ownership over the Earth and also claims Papal Supremacy or Papal Rule and Papal Infallibility. Infallibility means incapable of being wrong. The Roman Curia or Papal Court is the highest organized council in society and is directly supervised by the two “Assistants of the Prince to the Pontifical Throne”, these two positions are held by the princes of the Colonna and Torlonia families. They work with a higher level princely council of the Italian nobility that works with another council made up of the Roman nobility. The Italian and Austrian nobility are married to each other and work closely together leading the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which is a sovereign entity equivalent to that of a sovereign nation. The Italian Nobility, La Cosa Nostra and the German and Austrian Nobles, run the Jewish Mafia. Royalty and nobles have massive amounts of wealth in private bank accounts in Switzerland. They use the Nazi-founded Bank for International Settlements to steal wealth from central banks through fraudulent tax contracts and then launder and hide the wealth in private bank accounts in Switzerland. The main Italian lineages still active include the Massimo, Colonna, Pallavicini, Torlonia, Aldobrandini, Ruspoli, Orsini, Gaetani-D'Aragona, Borbón-Parma, Odescalchi, Borghese, Adragni, Chigi, Medici, Borromeo, Doria-Pamphilj, Sacchetti, Savoy, Grimaldi and Bourbon. These bloodlines oversee the various specters of society. Outside of this power structure is the Committee of 300 with an inner circle made up of the leading monarchs and princes of Europe and the former Holy Roman Empire with members from Windsor, Spencer, Cecil, Percy, Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Habsburg, Bonaparte, Orleans, Bernadotte, Lagergren, Glucksburg, Hannover, Furstenberg, Austria-East, Hohenberg, Hesse, Nassau-Weilberg, Habsburg-Lorraine, Saxe Coburg and Gotha, Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxony-Meiningen, Braganza, Orange-Nassau, Hohenzollern , Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Liechtenstein, Rothschild, FitzJames, Lobkowicz, Ligne, Merode, Romanov, Thurn and Taxis, Schwarzenberg, Orsini-Rosenberg, Windisch-Graetz, Esterhazy and other families. Many members who do not have noble status on the Committee of 300 are representatives of the royal families.
These families are all enemies of humanity and have conspired to enslave the world for centuries. They authorize and create corporations and billionaires, run religions, states, secret societies, the mafia, and organized crime syndicates. Royal families in Europe are mainly divided into two factions, and this dates back to the Guelph merchants and Ghibelline landowners. All other groups like Bilderberg, CFR, and the Trilateral Commission are lower-level organizations. All roads lead to Rome, which is the basis of its control system. The European Constitutional Monarchies are branches of the corporate empire of Rome. Constitutional Monarchies are ruled by blood-appointed heads of state and serve Rome through the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The Pope claims temporary or physical ownership of the Earth. The Pope claims to be infallible of error. The Pope claims ownership over all souls through the papal doctrine of "Papal Supremacy." The Pope is a leader for the Black Nobility of Italy.
The Jesuits are a military priesthood officially established by Pope Paul III A.K. to Alessandro Farnese of the Farnese family. The Jesuits were officially established under the Papal Bull called Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae, which means Military Regiment of the Church as the continuation of the Templars. The Black Nobles are the true owners and controllers of the Vatican and maintain their control throughout the centuries by installing their relatives as high-level popes and bishops. At present the Torlonia and Colonna families who have the hereditary positions of Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne are those who supervise the pope. In turn Pope Francis supervises all members of the Catholic Church and also supervises the various secret societies that are connected with the Church.
The Jesuits are also a Masonic order and were the continuation of the Templar orders when they were banned. The Roman Catholic Church mocks Christians by performing rituals where they pretend to drink blood and eat human flesh known as the Eucharist, also called Holy Sacrifice. The New Testament did not exist until about 1600 and the Old Testament is even more recent than the new. It was the Vatican and European monarchs who created both the New and the Old Testaments. The last official version of the bible was published in 1777.
The bishops and priests operate as supervisors and the Jesuits function as spies trained in deception and are infiltrated everywhere. The Pope claims temporal power or ownership over the Earth and also claims Papal Supremacy or Papal Rule and Papal Infallibility. Infallibility means incapable of being wrong. Archbishops are the overseers of society within their districts and oversee politics, police, business, and organized crime. The Latin phrase Novus Ordo Seclorum means New Order of Ages (or Ages), or also "New World Order", and is on the US dollar bill and Great Seal of the United States.
The Vatican uses Latin as an official language and for documents. America is named after the Italian Americo Vespucci who worked for the Medici family of Florence and Rome. Vespucci created the term New World for America. The Bank of America was originally called the Bank of Italy and was founded by Amadeo Giannini, who was financed by Italians. Nations were formed as companies or corporations to exploit their citizens as merchandise. Corporations are fraudulent constructions because they are considered a person with rights under the law, and because the owners and controllers of the corporations can disregard responsibility for crimes committed by the corporation. That is fraudulent. Corporations are not people and therefore cannot have rights. Corporations are also monopolies that use subsidiaries to hide their dominance over industry. Private companies cannot compete fairly with corporations. Citizens are also classified as legal persons (companies), robbing them of all their human rights. Corporations shouldn't exist.
Royalty and nobles issue charters establishing representative covert property agents controlled by corporate households or crowns of royalty and nobles. They claim to own foreign governments in this way. Royalty and nobles claim to own the United States as a continuation of the Virginia Company. Roman royalty such as the Hanover, Hesses, Wurttembergs, Hohenzollerns, Glucksburgs, Orange-Nassaus and Saxe-Coburg and Gothas claim a share of ownership over the British Crown. This is why the British royal family has so much German ancestry. The United States is defined as a federal corporation under US code 3002. Section 15. Most of the founding fathers were Freemasons and worked for the British Crown and German royalty. American political families, such as the Bushs, Clintons, Romneys, and Kennedys, take their names from European noble families that still exist. The Von Dem Bussche family are German nobles and relatives of the Bush family. The Clintons and Romneys are also British nobles. The Kennedys are Scottish-Irish nobles and an American political family involved with the Democratic Party. Mars, Walton, Rockefeller, Guggenheim, Getty, Hearst, Sackler, Lauder, Sachs, Busche, Johnson, McMahon, Forbes, and Cox are some of the billionaire American families that work with royalty and nobles in Europe. The Mars family is worth about 70 billion and works with the Windsor, Savoy, Thurn and Taxis families. The Waltons are worth around 130 billion and work with German nobles like the Württemberg, Baden, Hohenzollern and Isenberg families. The various Johnson families in the United States are collectively worth tens of billions and serve as agents for the House of Hannover. They own Johnson and Johnson and Fidelity Investments. The Hanovers are powerful royals and merchants who established the Hanseatic League. The Hearst family is worth more than 25 billion and several members were educated at Harvard University of the British Crown. The McMahon family is a billionaire and owner of the WWE and works under the Bonapartes and Savoys as their noble ancestors who were served militarily by the MacMahons during the Second Italian War of Independence. Today there are MacMahons in France with Italian and French titles of nobility. The Lauder family works for the House of Esterhazy in Austria and the House of East in Austria and Italy. The Guggenheims have assets worth hundreds of billions and are married to the House of Stuart. The Getty family are billionaire American oil merchants and are married to the Italian House of Ruspoli. The Forbes family are billionaires and American descendants of Scottish nobles who still exist.
All gang stalking and cult organizations are owned and controlled by members of royalty and nobility. Criminal organizations such as Royalty itself, Royal Institutions, The Company of Jesus, The Black Monks, The Hellfire Club, The Templar Orders, Freemasonry, The Grand Orient of France, The York Rite, The Scottish Rite, Prince Masonry of Prince Hall, Shriners International, The Royal Order of Jesters, The Cabal Society, Chabad, Scientology, Skull & Bones, The Boulé Society, The 5% Nation, The Nation of Islam, Black Israelites, The Ordo Templi Orientis ( OTO), The Temple of Set, The Church of Satan, Rosicrucian, Golden Dawn, Opus Dei, Mormons, Knights of Columbus, The Bohemian Club, Knights of Phintias, Ancient Order of Druids, Wicca, Santeria, Obeah, Voodoo, Sufism , Greek Fraternities and Brotherhoods, New Age and Gnostic Cults, Nazi Cults, KKK, Mafias, Prison Gangs, Biker Gangs and Street Gangs. The Rockefeller family uses their charitable foundations to fund harassment gangs and bribery in the United States, as well as globalization agendas and vaccination programs. The Rockefeller Foundation funded Almighty Vice Lord Nation, which is an organized crime group, and also funded the Tavistock Institute.
Hollywood, the Church of Scientology, and Silicon Valley are military operations like the US DARPA agency and run by European royalty and nobles like the Oettingen-Spielbergs, Schaumburg-Lippes, Anhalts, Hanovers, Windsors, Passi di Preposulos, Ruspolis, Torlonias and Odescalchis. The Ferragamo family is also involved in the management and financing of corruption in Hollywood. The House of Nassau-Weilberg, which is married to the Torlonias, funds human trafficking and human sacrifice in Hollywood. Idols in the entertainment industry are a dangerous cult with leaders who have access to electronic weapons. Most of modern electronics is being broadcast covertly with GENISIS and NEURON bio-piracy software controlled by Kabbalists and Scientologists. European monarchies function as extensions of Rome and run secret societies that infiltrate government agencies and run corporations for monarchs. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the main military council and works closely with the Orders of St. John administered by Protestant royalty such as the Windsors and the Hohenzollerns. The Order of Malta and the Order of Saint John are Masonic organizations with grand masters and titles for initiation. The royal and noble bloodlines are all working together as a global crime syndicate and part of a modernized Roman corporate empire. They also have several competing factions that create the illusion of division. The British crown and Scottish nobles such as the Bruce, Stewart, Sinclair, Campbell, Montagu, Scott, Hamilton, Percy, Boyle, Bowes-Lyon and Sutherland families administer a large part of Freemasonry. All of these families produced Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of England. There are thousands of Masonic lodges in Europe and in the United States. Freemasonry must be investigated and outlawed. The Greek-German Royal House of Glucksburg directs the Greek fraternities and brotherhoods and uses initiates as its agents. Glucksburg nobles and Italians run the Boule Society, Boule is a Greek fraternal society for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Jesse Jackson have been members of Boule, among many other high-profile, successful, and wealthy blacks, including Barack Obama, Bill Cosby, Al Sharpton, and Thurgood Marshall. The Glucksburg family rules Denmark and Norway and recently ruled Greece. Among its members are the ex-queen Sofía of Spain and Duke Felipe de Edimburgo. Former Greek nobility and royal merchants such as the Mavroleon, Onassis, and Niarchos families are billionaires who have a monopoly in the shipping industry and work with British nobles. The Greek royal family currently lives in London from where many Greek consignment merchants operate. The British Crown authorized and controls universities such as Yale and Harvard which are used to recruit Crown agents through fraternal orders such as Skull & Bones and Book and Snake. Royal and noble families also do undercover business in the City of London Corporation, which dominates global markets. Some of the major London merchant families include the Goldsmith, Stuart, Rothschild, Grosvenor, Sassoon, Barclay, Sutherland, Montagu, Bailey and Guinness families. The Sutherland family created the HSBC bank that has a long history of financial scandals around the world (Emilio Botín, Fernando Alonso, Mohamed VI, Jorge Trías and Jordi Pujol Jr. had accounts at HSBC when it was chaired by Stephen Green, Baron Green of Hurstpierpoint). The Bailey family is co-founder of Janus Henderson through a merger. Janus Henderson manages around 190 billion in assets. The Stuart family owns the Hudson Bay Company and has an alliance with the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach, which is the covert owner of some of the Hudson's Bay Company subsidiaries, which were founded by Bavarian merchants. HBC has approximately $ 12 billion in assets and has had fiscal contracts with the United States through the Organic Law of the District of Columbia of 1871.
The Orange-Nassau family are influential traders through the Netherlands Trading Society and have a large number of shares in Royal Dutch Shell, Philips Electronics and ABN AMRO Bank. The Orange-Nassaus and their Dreyfus agents run the Rand Corporation, which has a contract with the US military. Rand's founder was a Dutch gentleman. The Orange-Nassau family also runs the Loyal Orange Institution in Ireland, which has infiltrated the police, justice and politics. The Luxembourg Nassau-Weilburg family are international bankers connected to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The royal families of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands have shares in the European Investment Bank and all of these royals are recently married to Italian nobles. The Ligne family from Belgium are wealthy diamond and gold merchants. The Belgian Crown and its nobles are stealing wealth from the United States through fraudulent tax contracts established through the Organic Law of the District of Columbia of 1871 and continue to do so through the Bank for International Settlements. The Barons Strange heads the Masonic Order of Oddfellow. The Russell family are the Marquesses of Tavistock and they run the Tavistock Institute, which is an organization involved in mass mind control. The Russell family also co-founded the Yale University and Russell Trust Association, which is named after the New Haven, Connecticut company based on the Skull & Bones secret society.
Skull & Bones is a death cult military complex run by the Bush family from the USA who are like a European royal family in the USA. The Furstenberg family runs the Royal Order of Jesters who wear a jester on their coat of arms. The Clintons work closely with the House of Furstenberg, who have residences in the United States. The Italian Orsini family and the Holy Roman Rosenberg family lead the Rosicrucian Order of alchemists who infiltrate food and drug companies for chemical warfare. The Medici family, who have a statue of Hermes (Mercury) in their palace in Rome, administer the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, an alchemical secret society. The Medici were architects of modern banking. The Pierleoni family of Rome and the Spanish House of Bourbon-Anjou run the Kabbalah Society, which uses the Spanish lion for its logo. The Pacelli family of Rome and the Crescenzi family of Italy administer the Wiccan witchcraft cults. The Bavarian Wittelsbach family from Bavaria created the Bavarian Illuminati and administers the Benedictine Monks and is also part of the Jewish Mafia in the United States who are white collar criminals. The Pecci family of Italy also owns the Jewish mafia in the United States through their marriage to the Blumenthal family. The House of Wittelsbach is involved with Zionism, Nazism, Freemasonry, and the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits function as Roman intelligence and infiltrators and use their universities to recruit and train agents for Rome. Jesuit agents dominate leadership positions in the United States military and intelligence and especially in the CIA. The Knights of Columbus are owned by the Casa de Colonna. Christopher Columbus was Pedro Madruga, the Count of Caminha, a relative of the Colonnas who settled in Pontevedra at the time of the Romans. Many Knights of Columbus are police officers, mayors, lawyers, and judges, protecting the Italian mob while targeting free-thinking people. The Knights of Columbus are heavily involved in gang harassment.
Court Jews such as the Rothschild, Warburg, Goldsmith, Oppenheimer, Walton, Sassoon, Kadoorie, Lewis, Javal, Lauder, Sackler and Dreyfus families work through the Roman Curia or royal courtrooms such as Buckingham Palace. The French Rothschilds work for the Black Nobility of Rome and the French House of Orleans. The British Rothschilds work for the British Crown. The Sassoon and Kadoorie families work for the British Crown and oversee banking and business in China and India. The Swiss Rothschilds work for the House of Habsburg and the House of Hesse. The Oppenheimers work for the German House of Wurttemberg and the Cologne Oppenheim branch. the Austrian House of Habsburg granted them titles of nobility. The Warburgs work for the Italian House of Borghese and the German House of Hesse and the House of Hannover. Warburg Pincus had a contract with Unicredit that merged with the Borghese Family's Bank of the Holy Spirit. The Warburgs were Venetian bankers and the Borghese family now hold Venetian titles of nobility. The Warburgs financed the Nazis. The Dreyfus family works for the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and the French House of Bonaparte. Jewish banking families work for Christian nobles and royalty. These billionaire Jewish bloodlines run many rabbis who run a criminal intelligence network that works with Mossad. The French House of Bonaparte and the Swedish House of Bernadotte control many of the main European companies through their knights of the Order of Seraphim and the Legion of Honor, who are also members of the Round Table of Industrialists of Europe, which it has a great economic influence on the markets. The Wallenbergs run corporations worth hundreds of billions and work for the Swedish House of Bernadotte. The Wallenbergs and the Swedish Crown also work with the Jesuits and the Vatican. The Black Nobility and other royal families have been hiding billions in private banks in Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The royal families of Luxembourg and Liechtenstein own and run their own national and private banks. Austrian and Eastern European royalty and nobles, such as the Habsburgs, Esterhazys and Schonberg, use private banks in Liechtenstein and also own Israeli and Jewish mafias. The Esterhazy family together with the Lucchesi-Palli family run a faction of the Russian mafia through the mob boss Semion Mogilevich from Budapest. The Torlonia family owns the Fucino Bank in Rome and functions as Vatican bankers and treasurers. The Torlonia family of Rome and the Hohenzollern family of Germany are the main owners and controllers of the Bank for International Settlements which was founded and administered by the Nazis during World War II. The Torlonias are architects of fascism and the Hohenzollerns are architects of Nazism.
The East, Rothschild and Hottinger families are some of the leading Swiss bankers. The Romanian Sturdza family also owns a private bank in Switzerland. The Casanova family of Italy and Spain is one of the leading political families in Switzerland. The East and Savoy families run the Bank for International Settlements, which has a contract with most of the major central banks and is embezzling the wealth of nations through fraudulent loans and contracts. The Savoys live in Switzerland and Prince Lorenz of Austria-Este works at the Gutzwiller bank. The Bank for International Settlements must be investigated and closed. The Gutzwiller family is one of the leading banking families in Switzerland, owning its own private bank and managing 35 other Swiss banks. The Swiss Guard is a military body in charge of the security of the Pope and the Holy See. The ceremonial head of the Swiss Guard is the Pope, sovereign of Vatican City. Italian mafias are Rome's enforcers involved in extortion, money laundering, murder and drug trafficking, and they pay their dues to the Sicilian mafia, which in turn pays them to the black nobility. The mafia channels its earnings and tributes to the Black Nobility through the Vatican charitable foundations and then from the Vatican bank they are transferred to the private accounts of the Swiss Bank. The Savoy’s Genovese crime family specializes in extorting Wall Street. The mafia is rigging professional sports for gambling and they also launder their criminal winnings through the casinos. The Torlonia family owns the Kansas City crime family and shares ownership of the Pittsburgh crime family with the Borghese family of Rome and the Rocco di Torrepadula family of Sicily. The French House of Orleans owns the New Orleans crime family and the Franco-British Beaufort family oversees and owns the Dixie Mafia factions along with other British peers who have French ancestry. Cox's billionaire family is involved in multimedia communications and is part of the owners of the Dixie mob, which is involved in tobacco and ginseng sales as well as arms, drug and human trafficking. The Goldsmith and Sassoon families own Pakistani and Hindu human trafficking networks operating in the United Kingdom. The Imperial House of Brazil, Orleans-Braganza and the Belgian House of Ligne are married and have shares in the Brazilian companies AmBev and Belgian Anheuser-Busch InBev. The House of Orleans-Braganza owns Brazilian drug cartels that are also involved in human trafficking. The Sforza family owns the Stidda Mafia clans operating in the Sforza-Visconti territory in Milan and the Sforza and Visconti families have greater control over the Italian Stock Exchange or the Milan Stock Exchange. Milanese billionaire Silvio Berlusconi works for the Sforza and Visconti families and has a monopoly on Italian media and politics. Berlusconi founded the Forza political party in Italy named after the Sforzas. Some northern Italian nobles such as the Visconti, Borromeo, Este, Gonzaga, Valenti, D’Adda, and Passi di Preposulo families are closely related to billionaire families such as the Rothschilds, Agnellis, Benettons, Armanis, and Ferreros. The Sforza and Visconti families own the Seattle crime family with the Gaetani family as partial owners. The Seattle crime family controls billionaires Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos through blackmail. In 2017, Microsoft and Amazon employees were caught in a sex trafficking scandal.
The Colonna family owns the Knights of Columbus and also owns the Colombo crime family and partially owns the Chicago Outfit along with the Capponi and Roselli families of the Florence Turk. Al Capone was an agent of the House of Capponi and John Roselli was an agent of the Roselli del Turco family. Roselli also worked for the CIA. Colonna means column like Colombo and Colón. The Knights of Columbus infiltrate police departments and work with the Italian mafia. The Massimo and Gaetani families own and run the Gambino crime family and the Philadelphia crime family. The Massimo-Brancaccio family also owns and runs the Magliana or Roman Mafia and the Armed Revolutionary Nuclei, as well as the Graviano de Brancaccio crime family in Palermo, Sicily, which is part of the Corleonisi mafia clan. The Massimo family receives tribute from most of the Italian crime families and even from the Russian mafia and Eastern European mafias. The Massimo de Roccasecca family, who live in London, own the Clerkenwell crime syndicate, also known as the Adams Family or the London A-team and are part owners of the Irish Mafia, including the Rathkeale Rovers. The Borghese family is also the main owner of the Sicilian Mafia and the Mafia Magliana. The Lucchesi-Palli and Pallavicini families own the Lucchese crime family to which the Russian mafia in Brighton Beach pays tribute. The Pallavicini family owns the Armenian mafia that operates in Hollywood and works closely with the Kardashian family. The Romanovs are partial owners of the Russian mafia and have established several residences in the United States. The Giustiniani family oversee the Philadelphia Greek Mafia along with some Greek merchants. Royal and noble families finance organized crime. The Jewish Mafia reorganized into a white collar crime and worked with the black hand of the Italian Mafia. The head of the Jewish mafia in the United States is billionaire Michael Bloomberg. Leon Black is another one of the leading Jewish mobsters in New York. The Jewish Mafia participates in professional sports with white-collar mobsters such as Daniel Gilbert, Robert Kraft, Joshua Harris, Tom Werner, Jerry Reinsdorf, George Kaiser, Peter Guber, Joe Lacob, Mark Cuban, and Micky Arison. The European Union is based on the Treaty of Rome that was signed at the Capitol in Rome. The president of the European Central Bank is Mario Draghi, born in Rome and educated by the Jesuits at the Massimo Institute. Mario Draghi is an undercover relative of the Borghese and Del Drago families. The Erba-Odescalchi family with ancestry from Cernobbio, Italy, runs CERN with the Roman Fabiola Gianotti as CERN Director General that is used to generate pressure in the lower atmosphere in order to oppress society. CERN, HAARP, The Church of Scientology, Chemtrails and electronic devices are being used to covertly oppress society. The US military administers a HAARP electronic harassment system in Puerto Rico that is controlled from Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, which is under the command of Captain David Culpepper. The CIA and the Italian Mafia have a large criminal operation in Cuba. The CIA and Cosa Nostra work closely to this day.
Islamic royal families were named after European royalty in the 19th and 20th centuries and especially after the First World War. Middle Eastern royalty run the oil industry and use their massive wealth to fund globalist agendas that allow them to rule their nations. The house of Saud is worth at least a billion. The House of Thani and the House of Al Khalifa work with the House of Saud and are also wealthy oil traders. Royals from the Middle East run the Muslim Brotherhood and the Five Percent and the Nation of Islam, which are violent mobs of cult and harassment. These organizations need to be investigated and banned. They also own an Arab mob that is based in New Jersey and Detroit. The royal family of Morocco are wealthy merchants and owners of the Abergil crime family of Israel and Morocco. The House of Bourbon and Spanish nobility such as the Osorio, Fitz James, Alvarez (Alba), Pignatelli, Arteaga, Borja, Zuniga, Ruspoli, and Aragon-Escobar families own the majority of the Mexican and South American drug cartels. The Osorio and Borja families own MS-13. The Borgia and Borja families are also partial owners of the Mongels motorcycle gang. The Bourbons own the Gulf Cartel and the Lating Kings. The Ruspolis are partial owners of the Sinaloa Cartel and the Primeiro Comando da Capital in Sao Paulo, where their Matarazzo cousins ​​reside. The FitzJames and Alvarez families own the Los Zetas Cartel. The Álvarez and Osorio families also own the Bandidos motorcycle gang. The House of Bourbons are the founders and owners of Banco Santander. The King of Spain has the official right to the throne as King of Jerusalem.

I am a Macedonian from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia. The Macedonian Mafia is a term used to describe illegal gangs and criminal organisations operating in my country Macedonia and within the Macedonian diaspora.
Macedonian organized crime figures operate mostly in Europe and North America (countries such as Germany, Austria, United States, Canada, Monaco, Italy, France, Spain, Cyprus, Turkey, Greece, Switzerland, England, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Bulgaria are primarily favored by Macedonian organized crime figures for operating in or for forming partnerships with local organized crime groups, primarily from other Balkan or Eastern European countries as well as Italian syndicates, for their cultural, linguistic, ethnographic and geographical similarities as well as because of existing mutual ties between the organized crime groups or their members abroad and in the home countries, or the use of countries such was Switzerland, Monaco, Luxembourg and Cyprus for off-shore banking and money laundering), as well as Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Macedonian organized crime groups co-operate with other Balkan organized crime groups including the Serbian, Bulgarian and Albanian groups, both in the Balkans and in other places around the world, as well as the Italian mafia and the Russian mafia (through Bulgaria). Macedonian organized crime is usually centered around all types of legitimate businesses alongside typical organized crime activities such as smuggling, import and export, drug trafficking, extortion, arms trade, fraud, auto theft, racketeering, gambling, human trafficking, murder, contract killing, bodyguarding, prostitution and money laundering. Macedonian organized crime is also involved in security companies like the Bulgarian mafia, as well as with them, especially operating out of cities in eastern Macedonia, such as Štip. They are thought to have ties with the Janev Clan and the Albanian Mafia when concerning the trade of tobacco. Macedonian organized crime in Australia and Toronto, Canada is predominant among youth.
Macedonian organized crime, similarly to Bulgarian, Serbian, Albanian and Russian organized crime, utilizes the concept of using security groups to protect their businesses, enforce their power and eliminate competition. These security groups are usually composed of ex military, special forces, martial artists/MMA fighters and bodybuilders. While most security groups are responsible for low level activities such as posing as nightclub bouncers(nightclubs are a Macedonian gangsters' favorite meeting and party place, along with the kafana). These security groups hide behind and operate mainly under a corporate structure, but some are more militarized than others and have been labelled as terrorist groups. It's also safe to say that the Macedonian military itself is also heavily influenced and involved in organized crime activities and is a breeding and training ground for some gangsters. Some well known and higher quality security groups usually possess Macedonia's best and most infamous enforcers, and aside having checkered backgrounds these criminals have gone to be the top ranking Macedonian politicians(presidents and prime ministers) and businessmen's personal security detail and bodyguards. They have even killed people on their behalf.
Same as the above, the banking system in Macedonia heavily relies on organized crime in order to flourish, with limited foreign funding from its umbrella banks in Western European countries, it's unable to flourish on its own. It's also safe to say that some Western European, Russian and Middle Eastern banks have set up money laundering centers in Macedonia in the form of banks, companies, religious and educational institutions. Recently, a growing trend in Macedonia used by organized crime groups to launder money(because of the country's poorly organized justice and financial system and widespread political corruption it's hard for law enforcement officials to find evidence highlighting any type of illegal activities in terms of financial crimes when the Macedonian legal statues on financial crime is still heavily based on the Communist Yugoslavian one which does not apply in any way to the modern Capitalist system) is through the use of gambling institutions such as sports betting and casinos.

Macedonian Mafia - Key People

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_ Marjan Tushevski (aka Bokser) (killed July 2001): head boss of the Macedonian underground. -Goran Georgievski (aka Mujo) (1969–2005) (killed April 2005): Former member of the Lions special police force. Georgievski, along with several ethnic Albanian criminals operating in the Republic of Macedonia, was listed on a black list issued by the European Union. - Nikola Mojsovski (aka Koljo) (killed July 2005): 2001 Macedonia conflict combatant who was involved in racketeering in Prilep. Head boss of the Prilep underground. - Zoran Manaskov (aka Skrseniot): The alleged leader of the Frankfurt mafia, a huge Macedonian led heroin ring operating in Germany and Austria based out of the city of Veles, Macedonia.

The Formula 1 social media accounts will stream the 1986 Australian GP tomorrow, so I thought it would be cool to give some context to the people who haven't followed that era of F1 closely. As cool as the race was, I think it is important for people to have some context to enjoy it more, since it was the conclusion of a fascinating championship finale.
Formula 1 prepared for a season that would see some of the most powerful cars to this day get on the track. The turbocharged engines were capable of producing well over 1000 hp, with the BMW M12/13 running at over 1350 hp at 5.5 bar boost. Despite that, the FIA lowered the fuel allowance from 220 litres per race to 195.
Niki Lauda pulled out of Formula 1 at the end of the previous season and Keke Rosberg took the decision to leave Williams, which had won the last three races of 1985, for McLaren. Williams wasted no time and brought Nelson Piquet to the team, alongside Nigel Mansell. Brabham covered the space left by its double World Champion by bringing back Riccardo Patrese and getting Elio de Angelis, who left Lotus. The latter was ready to sign with Derek Warwick, but a reported veto by Ayrton Senna put a full stop on the deal. After pressure by John Player Special to bring a British driver, Johnny Dumfries, the 7th Marquess of Bute, was selected.
Benetton bought Toleman and recruited Teo Fabi and Gerhard Berger, getting a supply of BMW engines as well. René Arnoux returned to F1 with Ligier along with Jacques Laffite. Renault pulled the plug on its Formula 1 entry and Patrick Tambay joined the team of Carl Haas, unrelated to Gene Haas, as the teammate of Alan Jones. However, the company continued to provide Lotus, Tyrrell and Renault with engines.
Important note: Only the eleven best results of each driver counted towards the championship.

Race 1 - 1986 Brazilian Grand Prix (March 23rd)

Ayrton Senna took a dominant pole position on home soil, beating Nelson Piquet by seven tenths of a second for an all-Brazilian front row. Nigel Mansell was third and an excellent start gave him the opportunity to attempt to take the lead. It didn’t all go to plan, as the Brit touched with Senna and spun out of the race. The two Brazilians then went head-to-head at the front and, on the third lap, Piquet was ahead and set off to open a gap. The win only looked in doubt for Piquet when McLaren decided to follow a one-stop strategy for Alain Prost, in contrast to the two stops that the Williams and the Lotus would do. The plan looked like it was going to work for McLaren, before an engine failure put an end to Prost’s hopes of victory.
Instead, to the delight of the crowd in the grandstands, Piquet took an ultimately dominant victory over Senna, with 35 seconds splitting the pair. It was a perfect present to his team boss, Frank Williams, who was recovering from the serious accident that left him paralyzed. The race was plagued with mechanical failures and, after the retirements of Stefan Johansson, Michele Alboreto and Keke Rosberg, Ligier was in a great position, with Jacques Laffite winning the battle for the podium over René Arnoux. Martin Brundle bounced back from a pointless 1985 with a fifth-place finish. In its first race in F1, Benetton scored points with Gerhard Berger, despite some issues towards the end.

Race 2 - 1986 Spanish Grand Prix (April 13th)

Formula 1 returned to Spain in the brand-new circuit of Jerez. Once again, it was Ayrton Senna that started from the front, ahead of the two Williams cars of Nelson Piquet and Nigel Mansell, as well as Alain Prost. The four of them battled for the win, until Piquet retired with engine trouble. Despite having fallen to the back of the queue at the start, Mansell bounced back and got to the lead on lap 39 of 72. A small gap was formed between Mansell and Senna and then it closed again with ten laps to go. The Brazilian made an aggressive, but successful, move and Mansell fell back to third. With nothing to lose, the Brit pitted for new rubber with nine laps to the end.
Amazingly, he caught back up to the leading group. Prost had no challenge and fell back, leaving the battle at the front to Senna and Mansell. The latter had a clear advantage, but could find no way through, as a result of the former’s stern defence. Eventually, he made his move at the exit of the final corner. The pair finished side-by-side with Senna winning by a mere 14 thousandths of a second ahead of Mansell! Prost was nowhere at the end and finished third, still a lap ahead of Keke Rosberg, who was fourth. Teo Fabi and Gerhard Berger gave Benetton more reason to be happy about, as they both scored points for the new team.

Race 3 - 1986 San Marino Grand Prix (April 27th)

For the third race in a row, we got the same top three in qualifying, in the same order. Nelson Piquet had a better start compared to Ayrton Senna and took the lead on lap 1. The two McLaren cars also had very good pace and utilised it to overtake the Lotus on the first laps, with Keke Rosberg also getting the better of Alain Prost. The pitstops followed with Piquet changing tyres first, followed by Prost and Rosberg. When the round of pitstops ended, Prost was ahead, with Rosberg second and Piquet all the way down to third. Michele Alboreto pressured him until he had to park his car because of turbo issues.
It looked like the top three would end the race that way, with Prost getting the first win of his title defence and closing to within two points of Senna and Piquet in the standings. Piquet was second in the end, as Keke Rosberg ran out of fuel at the end. A surprising contender joined Prost and Piquet on the podium, with Gerhard Berger getting his and Benetton’s first podium in Formula 1, which also meant that he was in the points for five races in a row, having not taken any in the races beforehand. After a disappointing start of the season for Ferrari, Stefan Johansson finally scored some points for the red team. Rosberg was classified fifth, ahead of Riccardo Patrese, who also ran out of fuel while being fourth.

Race 4 - 1986 Monaco Grand Prix (May 11th)

Alain Prost took the most significant pole position of the year after beating Nigel Mansell and Ayrton Senna around the streets of Monte Carlo. The Frenchman held the lead, while his teammate had a great start to gain four places and going up to fifth. He then overtook Michele Alboreto and Nigel Mansell to get up to third, behind Prost and Senna. Then it was time for pitstops, and Prost remained ahead once they were all completed. Rosberg overhauled Senna to get up to second, but he didn’t have the pace to challenge his teammate.
Prost won for the second race in a row and Rosberg completed the one-two for McLaren, with 25 seconds separating them. Senna was 28 seconds further back, for his third podium of the season. Nigel Mansell didn’t have the pace to challenge for the podium, but still got some good points. The same couldn’t be said for Nelson Piquet, who qualified eleventh and finished seventh, trailing the Ligier cars of René Arnoux and Jacques Laffite at the finish. The race also featured a big accident between Patrick Tambay and Martin Brundle, with the Haas car making a barrel roll and hitting the wall at Mirabeau. Thankfully, the drivers and the marshals escaped injury.
Between the races at Monaco and Belgium, Brabham was off to test at Paul Ricard after disappointing start to the season. Elio de Angelis was behind the wheel of the BTT55, when its rear wing was detached. Unable to have control of his car, it rolled over the barrier. Although the impact was not fatal, the subsequent fire and the lack of marshals meant that he was unable to get out of the car in time and he had to be transferred to the hospital. Over a day following the accident, de Angelis passed away because of the smoke he inhaled in the accident. The man who was labelled as “the last gentleman in F1” died at the age of just 28.

Race 5 - 1986 Belgian Grand Prix (May 25th)

Nelson Piquet was on pole for the first time in the season and, surprisingly, Gerhard Berger joined him on the front row of the grid. Everything was looking great for Berger, but it was ruined in the first corner. While Piquet stormed ahead, there was a kerfuffle between Berger and the two second row starters, Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna. They were three-wide at the first corner and Senna, who was on the outside, squeezed the other two, who touched. They both had to pit for repairs and lost significant time. The big gainer of that was Nigel Mansell, who went from fifth to third and soon up to second after passing Senna. However, just three laps later, Mansell spun and dropped back to third.
On lap 16, Piquet’s engine was gone and that gave the lead to his compatriot. The race was not over yet for Williams, as Mansell executed an undercut to jump both Senna and Stefan Johansson and get first position. He held it successfully until the very end for the third victory of his career. Senna had no response and finished twenty seconds back to return to the top of the standings. Stefan Johansson gave Ferrari its first podium of the season and Michele Alboreto followed him for his first score of the season. Jacques Laffite got more points and Alain Prost spent the whole race on the fringes of going one lap down and finished sixth.

Race 6 - 1986 Canadian Grand Prix (June 15th)

The field arrived in Canada minus Marc Surer, who was severely injured while contesting at a rally in Germany, in a crash that killed his co-driver. Nigel Mansell edged out Ayrton Senna and Nelson Piquet in a closely contested qualifying session and retained his advantage heading to the Turn 1. Senna was lacking pace massively and held up all the cars behind him, before eventually falling down the order. The first two cars to pass Senna were Alain Prost and Keke Rosberg, who then caught Mansell. The Finn was the bravest of the three and got to the lead on lap 17 of 69. Five laps later, while coming up to lapped traffic and realising he was using too much fuel, Rosberg surrendered the lead to Mansell and let Prost get through.
Mansell never looked back and took his second consecutive win, while Prost had a battle in his hands. A bad pitstop dropped him from second to fifth and put an end to his hopes of victory, however he still had plenty of motivation. After great comeback in the end, the Frenchman made it back up to second and the top of the standings. Piquet couldn’t hold him back and finished third, while Rosberg’s fuel troubles worsened in the end and he cruised to fourth place. Ayrton Senna was only fifth, one lap down, beating René Arnoux.

Race 7 - 1986 Detroit Grand Prix (June 22nd)

Ayrton Senna took another pole position, after beating Nigel Mansell, Nelson Piquet and René Arnoux to pole. The top two held their positions at the start and Arnoux was up to third. Two laps later, Mansell took advantage of a mistake from Senna and stormed ahead. He opened a gap, but that was when his problems started. His brakes were overheating and he dropped down the field, unable to brake as hard as he would like. Senna took over the lead and was looking good, before a slow puncture caused him to pit and surrender the lead to Arnoux, who then pitted as part of his strategy and left the lead to Jacques Laffite. When the latter pitted, the race had yet another leader in Nelson Piquet.
In the midway point of the race, it looked as though a battle for the win was shaping up between Piquet and Senna. After a slow pitstop, the driver of Williams was pushing a little bit too hard to get back to his compatriot and crashed. Senna was then able to cruise to the finish for a comfortable victory, half a minute ahead of the rest of the competition. Laffite was second, taking advantage of some late engine problems for Alain Prost, who eventually wrapped up a quiet race from him to finish third. Michele Alboreto was fourth and Mansell struggled for the whole race to finish fifth. Riccardo Patrese took the final point of the afternoon.

Race 8 - 1986 French Grand Prix (July 6th)

Following the death of Elio de Angelis earlier in the year, a shorter layout of the Paul Ricard circuit was used for the Grand Prix. For the fifth time in the opening eight races of the season, Ayrton Senna started from pole for Lotus. However, his start was bettered by the one of Nigel Mansell, who came from second to first in the first meters of the race. Things went from bad to worse for Senna, who crashed after hitting oil from the Minardi of Andrea de Cesaris. Mansell opened a gap to René Arnoux, who soon found himself behind the McLarens of Alain Prost and Keke Rosberg, who were going to stop once, one time less compared to Mansell.
When the Brit’s second stop was done, he emerged behind Prost, however he was not in the mood to settle for second. He overtook his opponent and returned to the top step of the podium and well into championship contention. Prost came home in second, while Nelson Piquet had a challenging race because of trouble with his electronics and finished third, after a late move on Keke Rosberg. The top six only contained three teams in the finish, with René Arnoux and Jacques Laffite giving Ligier more points in a successful season for the team. With half the season gone, the championship was as close as ever, with Prost on 39 points, Mansell on 38 and Senna on 36, while Piquet was at 23.

Race 9 - 1986 British Grand Prix (July 13th)

The last Formula 1 race to be held at Brands Hatch was a significant one for Jacques Laffite, as he would equal Graham Hill as the most experienced driver in Formula 1 history, with 186 starts. Sadly, this was to be his last one, as he broke both his legs in an accident at the start. Although his life was not threatened, he had to put an end to his twelve-year F1 career at the age of 43. The race was restarted, which was brilliant news for Nigel Mansell. His car had failed on just the opening lap, while he was following polesitter Nelson Piquet and he was given permission to restart in a spare car.
ust like he did in the initial getaway, Piquet led at the second one, while Gerhard Berger gained two positions to slot in between the two Williams cars. Mansell had great speed; he got around the Benetton and quickly caught to the back of Piquet. After the Brazilian missed a gear on lap 23 of 75, Mansell was ahead, to the delight of the crowd.
He held the position and won his sixth F1 race and the second in a row at Brands Hatch. Piquet completed his team’s dominance, in an emotional victory as this was the first race back in the paddock for Frank Williams, after his serious road injury. Such was the dominance of Williams, that third-placed Alain Prost was one lap behind in the end. René Arnoux was fourth and two laps back, with Martin Brundle and Philippe Streiff completing the top six. Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger both retired while running in podium positions.

Race 10 - 1986 German Grand Prix (July 17th)

Amazingly, for the first time since 1972, McLaren locked out the front row of the grid, with Keke Rosberg beating Alain Prost to pole position. Both, however, were overtaken by Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger, who jumped from the second row of the grid. A lot changed on the opening six laps of the race, as Rosberg took the lead back and then lost it to Nelson Piquet, who had good pace early on, having started fifth. Prost climbed back up to third ahead of Senna, while Mansell was running in the fringes of the points paying positions. Piquet quickly opened a much-needed gap, as he stopped for tyres twice, in contrast to the rest of the top four. Despite the different strategies, the top four headed onto the last lap in the same order.
However, they all were in trouble with fuel! Piquet ran with almost no boost for the last half a lap and stayed ahead to win for the first time since the start of the season. Rosberg was not as fortunate, as he ran out of fuel halfway round the final lap. Prost’s situation was not much better, as he also ran out of fuel heading to the finish. He got out to push his car, however he gave up. Senna, running on fumes, made it across the line and took second position. Mansell took the chequered flag in third after a challenging race, with René Arnoux fourth. Rosberg and Prost were classified fifth and sixth respectively, with the Finn ahead because he entered the final lap ahead of the Frenchman.

Race 11 - 1986 Hungarian Grand Prix (August 10th)

A new race joined the Formula 1 calendar, as Hungary held its first World Championship race at the brand-new Hungaroring circuit. Brazil dominated qualifying, as Ayrton Senna and Nelson Piquet headed the first row of the grid. In front of the packed grandstands, Senna maintained the lead, while Nigel Mansell came from fourth to get ahead of his teammate.
Piquet was determined and overtook his teammate to pressure Senna. The two were running noseto-tail for much of the race, with the pitstops not affecting the order. Towards the end of the race, Piquet made one of the sport’s most iconic overtakes. With Senna defending the inside line, Piquet went around the outside and made it stick, despite having to get on opposite lock to remain in control of his car. He opened a lead very quickly and took his third win of the year, which put him right into the championship fight.
Mansell did not have good pace, as he was lapped and finished third, but at least his situation was not as bad as that of Alain Prost, who crashed out of the event, pushing hard after pitting to resolve an electric problem. Stefan Johansson was fourth for Ferrari, for his first points since Belgium after a string of retirements. Johnny Dumfries finally scored points for Lotus, with a fifth-place finish, ahead of Martin Brundle.

Race 12 - 1986 Austrian Grand Prix (August 17th)

Teo Fabi and Benetton were a pleasant shock in qualifying, as the Italian claimed pole position at the Österreichring ahead of, teammate, Gerhard Berger, as the pair took advantage of the powerful motor behind them. The pair swapped positions at the start, ahead of Alain Prost, who had a good start to gain two places. At a quarter’s distance, Fabi went back ahead of Berger, however his joy didn’t last for very long, as his engine blew up. Berger was first again, before a problem with his electronics forced him to pit and set the Frenchman free. The only threat for him were the two Williams cars, but both retired within three laps because of unrelated mechanical failures.
Prost claimed a big win in the context of the championship, as all three of his rivals failed to finish, after Senna parked his car with a blown engine. They were all within eight points: Mansell on 55, Prost on 53, Senna on 48 and Piquet on 47. In a difficult season for them, Michele Alboreto and Stefan Johansson gave Ferrari something to smile about, as they took a double podium, despite not having very good pace. For the first time in its short history, Haas scored points and it did so with both cars. Alan Jones scored his first points since his comeback and Patrick Tambay scored -what would be- his final points in F1, ahead of Christian Danner.

Race 13 - 1986 Italian Grand Prix (September 7th)

Teo Fabi and Alain Prost qualified on the front row of the grid, however mechanical issues meant that the former had to start from the back of the field and the latter from the pitlane, although he would be disqualified for an illegal change to the spare car. The new front row effectively was occupied by Nigel Mansell and Gerhard Berger and the Austrian made the better start. Berger stayed ahead for eight laps, before he dropped like a rock. Mansell picked up the race lead ahead of Nelson Piquet and Michele Alboreto.
While Alboreto spun and retired from the race, Piquet caught his teammate and overtook him. The battle was over at that point and Piquet was back on the top step of the podium and only five points behind Mansell in the standings, as the Brit finished second. Stefan Johansson was third for Ferrari, ahead of Keke Rosberg, who announced that that would be his final season. Gerhard Berger was fifth in the end, with Alan Jones completing the top six.

Race 14 - 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix (September 21st)

After a small break, Ayrton Senna returned to pole position, after beating Nigel Mansell by eight tenths of a second in qualifying. The Brit had a great start though and breezed past the Brazilian to storm into the lead. Mansell dominated the race and was never really challenged for the win, eventually taking his fifth one in the championship by leading every lap of the race. It was a perfect race for him and the result gave Williams their third Constructors’ Championship.
Senna could not repeat his result from the previous season and spent almost the entire race in second position. However, he would be classified fourth, as he ran out of fuel on the final lap, thus dropping out of the championship fight. Alain Prost, who started third, crossed the line in second position, an emotional result that came just days after the death of his brother, Daniel, because of cancer.
Nelson Piquet paid the price of a bad qualifying session, in which he qualified sixth. The two-time champion completed the podium and entered the final two races of the season with a ten-point deficit to his teammate and a one-point advantage over Prost. Ferrari was featured in the points with both its cars, as Michele Alboreto beat Stefan Johansson, after Gerhard Berger spun off and Keke Rosberg retired with an electrical issue, in the second of the two yellow and white McLarens, as a part of a one-race deal between the team and their major sponsor, Marlboro.

Race 15 - 1986 Mexican Grand Prix (October 12th)

For the first time in sixteen years, Formula 1 raced at Mexico, at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodríguez. Ayrton Senna was on pole for the fifteenth time in two seasons as a Lotus driver, ahead of Nelson Piquet and Nigel Mansell, who was looking to secure the championship. However, a terrible start sent him plum last. Piquet took the lead into the first corner with Senna second, Gerhard Berger third and Alain Prost fourth. Prost overtook the Austrian, who was looking at the bigger picture and not pushing the issue. He was running Pirelli tyres, in contrast to the cars around him, which were equipped with Goodyear ones. Benetton elected to fit Berger’s car with harder tyres on the right side, which was being loaded more, and softer on the left side.
The gamble worked brilliantly. Berger was the only car not to stop in the race and won it with a comfortable gap. Prost could only finish 25 seconds behind and Senna was on the last step of the podium. Piquet dropped back and was fourth at the end, despite leading early on. With Mansell recovering to fifth, the championship fight was still open, with Mansell on 70 points, Prost on 64 and Piquet on 63. For the first time in his career, after spending two seasons with backmarker teams, Philippe Alliot scored a point in F1.
The standings of the title contenders at the end of the Mexican GP, the penultimate race of the season:

Mansell	Williams	70 (72)
Prost	McLaren	64 (65)
Piquet	Williams	63

To make it simpler, Mansell had to finish in the podium and he would be champion. Prost and Piquet only stood a chance if they won the race.

UPDATED LAST JULY 11, 2020
Hello guys! Now since I've got all ribbons last April since I first played last July 19, 2019! I loved how to do it. For now I'll show you here's how to get all the ribbons in a realistic ways:

• 🧠 Academic - Study harder every year, read books and go to library to enhance smarts, go to University in major, have excellent grades and smarts, and seek higher education (e.g. Graduate School, Medical School, etc.). Have under $2.5 million of net worth. Best used when the character is born with high smarts.
  
• 💊 Addict - You must at least 2 addictions to die. Get alcohol and drugs offered and go to gambling very often to get addicted. It is a random luck-based chance. Don't go to clubbing over 10 times with addictions. For easiest way to get, must have at least under 30% smarts, have many friends and go party with them often to get addicted to alcohol and play with gambling often to get addicted to gambling. Don't get seek higher education.
  
• 🚂 Bandit - Rob a train successfully in exact real system time (e.g. 4:20 PM or Midnight 12:00 AM). Make sure don't use time cheat.
  
• 👱‍♀️ Barbie Girl - Be a female or transgender female to get all plastic surgeries. Don't get seek higher education (such as Graduate School) or over $2.5 million of net worth for iOS users.
  
• 👨‍💼 Big Boss - Major in English, Finance, Information Systems, or Mathematics. Go to Business School after graduates. Get a Corporate-related job, work harder every year and then you'll be promoted to CEO. Have at least over $20 million of net worth. It is easiest to get as a second generation after inheritance over $20 million.
  
• 😸 Cat Lady - Be a female, adopt at least 30 cats and less than 5 pets of other species. Never get married in a life. Also you can be a transgender female to earn this ribbon.
  
• 🎭 Cunning - Commit a crime and successfully escape from jail, desert the military or illegally immigrate then get sex change via gender reassignment surgery. Never get caught by the police again until you die.
  
• 🗡️ Deadly - Murder at least 5 people. The easiest ones are Perform Drive-By (with fast coupe car) Electrocute Them, Poison Them, Impale Them, and Push Off Cliff. If fails, you will sent to jail or assaulted you to death. Also you can hire a Hitman to kill them, but it requires Bitizenship.
  
• 👨‍👧‍👦 Family Guy - Be a male and get married. Have under 5-7 children. Spend time 10 times and be good karma. Never abandon or go to jail. Have under $2.5 million of net worth. Also you can be a transgender male to earn this ribbon.
  
• 📸 Famous - Have a high looks and smarts. Get a fame-related jobs such as Actor, Singer, Chef, Model, Reporter, DJ, Writer, Magician, Mobile App Developer, and Pornographer. Work hard, promote them and become fame. Also this can be earned after elected as GovernoChief Minister or President/Prime Minister to become Famous Politician.
  
• 🍼 Fertile - Have at least 8 children or 5 children with 5 grandchildren in a life from a partner or adoption.
  
• 🎁 Generous - Gift items to friends and family at least 20-30 items with much appreciations and more karma without arguments.
  
• ♾ Geriatric - Live at least 120 years old in a life with spend time, full karma, happiness, and health without having an illness. Take diets to increase your health.
  
• 🌎 Globetrotter - Vacate as many at least 20 countries.
  
• ⛏️ Gold Digger - Have a high looks and smarts. Use Freelance Gigs to earn quick money. Open Dating app to find one with highest money income (green bar). Marry 1 richest spouse or more and you'll get over $1.5 million from inheritance through divorce or widow. Never get a job.
  
• 👮 Hero - Rescue someone from situation whether if save or die, just tap "Attempt to rescue him/her" button. Keep good karma. Also this can be earned after your character dies after being exploded and blown up by stepping on a mines while serving on a military or another is saving a choking relationship by successfully performing the Heimlich maneuver.
  
• 🎲 Highroller - Go to casino or horse racing, you must have high million net worth and win over $2 million lifetime winnings from gambling. It is harder to get for iOS users as a casino glitch patched.
  
• 🔓 Houdini - Escape from jail at least 10 times. For easiest way to get without maximum security prisons, see here.
  
• ✔️ Influencer (not working on Android) - Have a high looks and smarts. Sign up for a social media accounts at age 13. Post on social media as many times often every year, pick correct options such as Blog, Random, Challenge, Dance, Selfie, or Sexy Pic, get many of million likes and over hundred-thousands of followers and try to go viral. Promote your products if you have over 5 thousands of followers. Monetize your account on YouTube if you have over many thousands of subscribers. If you have over 100k followers, verify on social media accounts and get quickly over 1 million followers to become enjoyment of social media influencer. Also, you can be a fame career life (such as Actor or Singer), then repeat this procedures to get this ribbon.
  
• 🚔 Jailbird - Escape from jail and go back at least 2 times. Also this can be earned after jailed at least 3 times without escaping or riot many times due to committing more crimes repeatedly.
  
• 😴 Lazy - Have never got a job and at least 50 years old, just spam the age button until you die. Must have smarts higher than 10%. No Job Referral options, just tap "That's not for me" button.
  
• 😍 Lustful - Hook-up at least 20 people in one night stands or threesomes without spreading STDs.
  
• 🤑 Loaded - Have at least over $20 million of net worth. It is earned via lottery jackpot, inheritance from generations, or a rare expensive heirloom (such as Holy Grail). For easiest way to get, born in most wealthy countries (e.g. Monaco), get a highest-paying job (such as Brain Surgeon or Music Composer), work hard longer and make 20 million of net worth.
  
• 😐 Mediocre - It is the easiest to get because you don't have to pass the requirements to get other ribbons and have nothing much in a life. Also this can be earned after you get fired from the job or siblings, classmates or people assaulted you to death at very young age.
  
• 🙌 Model Bitizen - You can be a male or female. Compliment, spend time with the relationships and give money at least 10 times. You must have a job, a full karma and relationships and at least $50,000 of net worth without debt. Always pick the right choices in the random events. Always call the police on the situations (don't tap "Attempt to rescue him/her" or "Try to intervene" buttons) and turned it in to the authorities. Never abandon children or pets, argue anyone, ask for money, assault anyone, cheat on partner, go clubbing, go to jail, insult anyone, murder, offer to drink alcohol and drugs, spread STDs to people, steal, do other negative things or do anything lowers karma. Never commit a crime (such as deliquency, solicitation or take a parcel). Apologize or walk away from situation when someone or a relationship argue you or they have disagreement of conversation. Avoid getting any addictions or drug overdose. Don't get over $20 million of net worth to avoid getting the Loaded ribbon or at least 8 biological children, 4 biological children with 8 grandchildren or 5 biological children with 5 grandchildren to avoid getting the Fertile ribbon.
  
• 🏠 Monopoly - Make flipping houses at least of over $1 million real estate profits within buying, renovating at least good condition, and selling them much higher price at least 10 houses.
  
• 🤲 Mooch - Ask your parents to get money or buy pets and they refuse it at least 10 times.
  
• 🎬 Movie Buff - Watch a movie (Comedy, Documentary, etc.) at the movie theater every year at least 20 movies. Requires to watch ad if you don't have a Bitizenship. Don't get seek higher education (such as Graduate School) or at least $2.5 million net worth for iOS users.
  
• 💸 Rich - Have at least $2.5 million of net worth. Don't get over $20 million. It is best used for high-paying jobs and inheritances.
  
• 👹 Rowdy - Go clubbing at least 10 times, hook-up with them, argue people, and accept every offer to drink alcohol and drugs.
  
• 😈 Scandalous - Commit a major crime such as armed robbery or murder, get sentenced to jail and stay at least 5 years without escaping.
  
• 🤪 Stupid - Same as Lazy ribbon, but with have a lower smarts under 10%, never got a job, and making dumb decisions that lowers smarts at least 50 years old. Also this can be earned after your character dies due to drug overdose for iOS users.
  
• 👍 Successful - Have at least $250k of net worth, good karma and at least 65 years old. Avoid getting any addictions. Don't get over $2.5 million of net worth or seek higher education such as Graduate School.
  
• 🐯 Tarzan - Be a male, Bond with at least 20 exotic animals and spend time with them. You'll need a Bitizenship to buy exotic animals from Exotic Pet Dealer. Also you can be a transgender male to earn this ribbon.
  
• 🌵 Teammate - Born in Miami or Tucson, United States. Major in Computer Science or Information Systems then get a Mobile App Developer job. Promote to App Designer and maintain it. For Android users, so never get famous.
  
• 🦊 Thief - For iOS, you must steal as many at least 5 rob banks, 5 burgle houses, 5 steal cars, 10 pickpocket people, 10 porch pirates, 10 shoplift items, or 10 stealing random items (much easier). For Android, you must steal at least 2 burgle houses, 2 pickpocket people and 2 stealing cars but don't spend too much time in jail.
  
• ⛈️ Unlucky - Die under 30 years old after contract deadly diseases such as cancer or coronavirus (COVID-19). This is a random luck-based chance. Also this can be earned after your character dies due to struck by lightning or attacked by the terrorists in some war torn countries such as Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Syria for iOS users. For easiest luck to get, use God Mode to edit all attributes to 0%, start a new life, contract with whooping cough, and die at least age 2 years old.
  
• 🚮 Wasteful - Go to Activities, then go to Surrender option to end life immediately. Also this can be earned after sentenced to death or highest debt of net worth.
  
• 👿 Wicked - Spread at least 5 STDs to them from hook-ups, abandon at least 5 children, release at least 5 pets, or more.
  
• 🎖️ Veteran - Get in the military as enlistee or officer (requires University in any majors). You must deploy mines successfully many times using Minesweeper game (have practice them with skills). Serve full career in the military until reach at age 62. For those who fail to deploy and blown up on mines, get Minesweeper Solver here.
  

For the Prison Escape guide, see here.
For the Careers and Jobs guide, see here.

In case they do allow gambling in the new update in these countries/states you wont be able too gamble
​
Afghanistan
Algeria
American Samoa
Azerbaijan
Bhutan
Belarus
Belgium
Cayman Islands
China
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Greece – some online gambling is illegal ,so not sure for gta online
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Libya
Luxembourg
Maldives
Mauritania
Netherlands (not sure)
Oman
Pakistan
Poland
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Syria
Taiwan
Tuvalu
United States – not allowed in some states(each law is different per state)
​
There are a few countries in Europe where the gambling laws aren’t regulated, such as Andorra, Faroe Islands, Kosovo, Lichtenstein, Moldova, Monaco and Slovenia. In North America it’s unregulated in Turks and Caicos.

Afghanistan
​
Algeria
​
American Samoa
​
Azerbaijan
​
Bhutan
​
Belarus
​
Belgium
​
Cayman Islands
​
China
​
Cuba
​
Cyprus
​
Czech Republic
​
Greece – some online gambling is illegal ,so not sure for gta online
​
Iceland
​
Indonesia
​
Iran
​
Iraq
​
Israel
​
Jordan
​
Kuwait
​
Libya
​
Luxembourg
​
Maldives
​
Mauritania
​
Oman
​
Pakistan
​
Poland
​
Saudi Arabia
​
Somalia
​
Sudan
​
Syria
​
Taiwan
​
Tuvalu
​
United States – not allowed in some states(each law is different per state)
​
There are a few countries in Europe where the gambling laws aren’t regulated, such as Andorra, Faroe Islands, Kosovo, Lichtenstein, Moldova, Monaco and Slovenia. In North America it’s unregulated in Turks and Caicos.

I started this series with UNITY, then went to AC1, AC2, Brotherhood, Revelations, AC3 and Rogue. Black Flag. Now Syndicate.
Syndicate is a game that is hard for me to cover mostly because unlike the case of the earlier games (AC1-UNITY) which I thought at the very least had interesting settings regardless of the choices made by the team in execution, Syndicate in my opinion is fatally weakened by the choice of setting it in Victorian London. My feeling is that if you are to make a game with the AC themes and concept in English history, then London in the Elizabethan-Jacobean eras, or in the period of the Restoration around the time of the Great Fire and the Plague, are far better options. There's also the fact that Victorian London and its culture have influenced a whole number of games and popular movies and as such this leads to overexposure. Whether it's The Order: 1886, Dishonored, Bloodborne in games, and in the movies you have Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula, the Johnny Depp movie From Hell, the LXG movie, and of course the Guy Ritchie Sherlock Holmes movies, Victorian London is easily the most popular period setting for mainstream movies, TV, and games, and even Harry Potter which is set in modern times has a fantasy world built on a Victorian era boarding school. Overexposure is not a problem if what you are doing is drastically and dramatically different, subversive, and has a new and powerful point of view. Instead, Syndicate is more or less Guy Ritchie's Victorian London.
As such I am going to skim the game and not go into it with too much detail. Syndicate is a steampunk album cover come to life with its grappling hook pistol and other kinds of gadgets. A grappling hook is physically impossible in real life at least in the way games like Batman use it. But where Batman is a superhero, the Assassins are set in historical fiction, the grappling hook in my view ruins the game owing to the historical background, the fact that Victorian London as it existed still survives to a good extent in contemporary London. It also ruins it in terms of aesthetics, the whole appeal of Parkour and climbing in the AC game, absurd and unrealistic as those are, was to get you to interact with architecture in a tactile way. That's gone with the grappling hook.
So let's begin:
MAIN CAMPAIGN
Setting; Victorian London 1868
Sequence 1-3
The beginning has two missions. One deals with a fictional character Rupert Ferris, and the other with the real-life scientist Sir David Brewster. Both are set in the countryside rather than the city. Evie Frye is the one who assassinates Brewster. I am a little disturbed that AC decided to have your heroes attacking and killing a man of science and pass this as heroic. About the only reason given for justifying this is that the real Brewster as in this game was a critic of Darwin and was a proto-creationist. I am not sure you can support scientific freedom and inquiry by using Darwin as a cudgel to get you board with killing someone.
Then they come to London, and meet Henry Green, the nom-de-plume of an Indian dude called Jayadeep Mir (Half Sikh-Half Muslim, which I can tell you is a pretty big stretch). Then we meet Sir Alexander Graham Bell who was in London at this time. He's shown with an accent and they have his nickname Aleck correct. We also meet the real-life Sir Frederick Abberline who is usually shown in a lot of Jack the Ripper murders. He was actually a pioneering cop, and later in life got involved in Monaco shutting down gambling operations while working for the European Pinkerton branch. The weird bumbling and comical portrayal of Abberline in Syndicate seems way off from the real guy and from how cops were in Victorian London. Tough, a little hardened by the poverty and corruption, and certainly quite self-serious.
Sequence 4-6
This part has fictional targets like Pearl Attaway (who I rather like as a character) mixed with John Elliotson (another real-life figure) and then Philip Twopenny (also fictional). Dr. John Elliotson is another man of science and assassination target. The real-life inventor of the stethoscope, and as the game portrays a man who practises the now-discredited pseudoscience of mesmerism and phrenology. The problem is that while phrenology was a racist and terrible contribution to society, it was mainstream and believed in for a considerable time, as was eugenics. And Mesmerism was also believed in at the time by a number of rational folks including Dickens who in his side missions isn't presented this way. Why single out Elliotson? As for Elliotson being a psycho doctor who tortures patients, there's no record of him doing that by himself, and again dodgy medicine in the old days is something that everyone did. Then we meet Florence Nightingale in Evie's mission where she cleans up Jacob's mess. She was in that time and place, and her renders matches her photographs so it's fine.
Sequence 7-10
Maxwell Roth is a fictional British gangster who leads the gang known as the Blighters. He runs his operation from Alhambra which is a real-life music hall and theater. The Alhambra did burn down in a fire but that happened in 1882 and not in 1868. Then we have Jacob Frye attacking and assassinating the real-life James Brudenell, aka Lord Cardigan, notorious for being a commander at the Battle of Balaclava where he led the Charge of the Light Brigade.
Now who exactly is responsible for the blunder that is the Charge, whether it was because of bad orders, incompetence by the messenger, or the failure of the commanders to not request clarity has an entire cottage industry in military historiography dedicated to it. So I am not going to get into that. But some such as George Macdonald Fraser feel that Cardigan got a bad hand and followed bad orders as per his command. On the other hand, Cardigan's personality as a pompous aristocratic stuffed shirt seems accurate, he was emblematic of incompetent military officers who bought the commission but didn't live up to it, and the Crimean War led to reforms that ended this practise. Cardigan wasn't an entirely anti-peasant guy. He was an anti-reform MP but he supported the 1867 Reform Bill which the game doesn't mention (on which more later) for the same reasons many in the Conservative party backed it, i.e. stealing the thunder of the liberals. Jacob Frye also assassinates him in Parliament when in real life he died from an injury after falling from a horse (a rare case of a real-life death having more poetic justice than the fictional actionized one). Assassinating him in Parliament is also a weird choice because there was only one assassination in Parliament historically, that was the Prime Minister Spencer Perceval who got murdered by a disgruntled POW over his handling of the Napoleonic Wars in 1812. Between then and the 1974 IRA Bombings, there was no acts of violence committed in Parliament building.
This final part also allows us to meet Queen Victoria, in her grieving for Albert phase, wearing a black dress and so on. But the missions with her come after the game in some side-missions.
SIDE MISSIONS and DLC - Historical Characters
Unity was the game that had substantive historical content in its side missions where earlier games integrated it in the main title. Syndicate follows that with a series of chained adventures with Charles Dickens, Charles Darwin, Queen Victoria, and Karl Marx.
- Darwin's adventures don't really have anything to do with the man's evolutionary theories and are basically a bunch of errands and so on. Given creationism's pull in America, I think showing him as a nice decent gentleman was a good way to go but not using those missions to explain and educate some of the basic nuts and bolts about "natural selection" and so on seems a waste, since it's likely a lot of gamers from some parts of America, and other places in the world inspired by America, would get a better education about it from here than in their classrooms. Syndicate is the first game set in a period where photographic records exist and Darwin's look is based on Julia Cameron Mitchell's photographs of the man in the 1860s. So that's fine.
- Charles "Boz" Dickens is shown as a Victorian debunker of ghost-stories. Which he apparently did do as a hobby, being that he was a big international celebrity. What is missing is Dickens' work as a social reformer, which I think would be more fitting for the Assassins to be involved with. Dickens was especially agitating for better work conditions and especially for better treatment of prostitutes and "fallen women" which a number of Victorian authors (including Christina Rossetti) supported. It's kind of weird that Syndicate doesn't have prostitutes when this was a big concern in that era. This also allows me to discuss briefly the Jack the Ripper DLC, where basically the prostitute victims of the Ripper are retconned into undercover Assassins who took the identity of prostitutes. A game where you briefly play the Ripper but are never a participant in the horrible violence of his murders, and nor do we get a detailed look at the crimes he committed. I never understood why you would make a Jack the Ripper story and not show the violence he did as graphically as you can, a waste of a M-Rated Ripper game. The idea of Ripper as an Assassin gone bad is good material and I think that this should have been a plot for a full game, but it's not dealt well there. The way they handled the "identity" of Jack is fine and I am glad they didn't go with William Gull or whoever the hell they come up with every other week. But even then somehow making a dude murdering starving weak malnutrioned women from slums into some internecine secret-society feud is a little distasteful because it tends to shift focus away from the victims to the killer. The Ripper DLC also introduces prostitutes but the bizarre thing is Evie Frye lamenting how Whitechapel has fallen in disrepair when that neighborhood was renowned for being a vast slum for several years by then. Attributing Whitechapel's decline to the Ripper as the DLC implies has it backwards when the Ripper murders actually sparked reform efforts to fix these slum conditions.
- The Queen Victoria missions are again a series of errands. But this one deals with terrorism. The terrorism is shown as Templars and apolitical, but the 1860s was actually the era of Fenian, Irish rebel terrorists. This was a much bigger deal than any of the gang wars that you actually see in Syndicate. The final scene where Evie humbly requests Queen Victoria to give up the Empire is gloriously cheesy and hilarious. I like Queen Vicky's condescending and cold reply, since too many stories make her out to be overly nice, which she was capable of in life certainly but she was definitely out to ensure that the Crown still had a purpose and place in the sun and that's why she allied with Disraeli over Gladstone, Disraeli made her Empress and gave her the title by Parliament.
- Then the big one, Karl Marx. Showing Marx in a game targeting a lot of American consumers and showing him as a guy you could hang out with is something that should be commendable. Only the Marx we see here is a bit of a clown, the database entry is kind of silly and makes jokes about campus brocialists, and the cuddly reformist Marx we see here, while accurate in parts is not entirely truthful either. The missions are again a series of errands, no hint is given to his larger ideas and theories. And again I don't know why you would deal with someone like Marx and not touch on his controversial reputation and ideas. Likewise I think there should be tension between Marx and the Fryes. Jacob Frye is a kind of purposeless anarchist and Evie is a committed secret-society Assassin and both of them are gang leaders whose whole idea was fighting the Templar gangs of Blighters and replacing it with their own gang of street criminals. Going by Marx's writings, the Fryes are lumpenproletariat, the elements of the urban poor who have no revolutionary potential and in times of crisis ally with the ruling class interests and serve as their enforcers, being criminals, miscreants, and so on. We see this in the game where the Fryes ultimately support the British Conservative Party, Benjamin Disraeli and then get knighted by the Queen of England. There's no way Marx would pal around with them. The game never has the Fryes being divided or challenged for their chumminess in allying with both sides of the political divide or how using multiple interests serves the Assassin cause, but to a Communist or a radical this would mark you out as a fixer and an adventurer rather than someone with commitment.
- Then we have this special time anomalies mission where you are transplanted to World War I London and play Jacob's granddaughter Lydia Frye. Unity had this feature too but there it was digression without story or impact to the plot, and here we get a slice of AC History in a discreet mini-campaign. Lydia Frye is a suffragette and we meet Winston Churchill in his time as Minister of Munitions, a position he landed after the disaster of the Gallipoli Expedition and some time in and out of position. It was his comeback tour. Churchill is shown here asking for Lydia Frye's help against Imperial German spies and saboteurs in exchange for help in putting female suffrage on the ballot. Churchill was a famous opponent of female suffrage, but by 1917 he did actually moderate and tried to get the conservatives to back it, so it's not impossible. The portrayal of World War I London allows AC to do a multi-timeline city, so we see the London Bridge and its mechanical drawbridge. We also have anti-air guns and zeppelin air-raids. Zeppellin air-raids definitely did happen but I don't know if was a phenomenon that late. The anti-air guns, model and make, is up for military buffs to check if it's period accurate. I doubt it is. I do like Churchill's introduction in the cutscene, the minute I saw the lighted cigar stub, I knew at once who it was. This sequence is pretty good for what it is, and World War I London doesn't feel like a waste of a period and this is a slice of Churchill's life that is obscure and not really storied, so I don't have a problem with how they handle it.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
- The portrayal of London in SYNDICATE is pretty selective. There are a whole host of stuff missing from the game, the British Museum (Karl Marx's stomping ground), the Crystal Palace (which given that it burned down later, you would think ought to be recreated in a game since that's how any of us will ever get to be there). Recreating a modern city with museums and cultural life, means that a Victorian London game that doesn't recreate the museums that existed at the time and the exhibits within (which still exist in the same places today) means that the fact that I can't visit the National Gallery and see Old Master paintings, go to Victoria and Albert Museum and see Tipu's Tiger automaton, or visit the Elgin Marbles...destroys a lot of the real reasons anyone would pay to play in a recreation of a real city, unlike GTA's fake ones. SYNDICATE remember sold to a lot of people around the world and it's cheaper for them to play this game then visit London by air and as such if you are going to do this period, not doing it in a thorough manner feels like some kind of betrayal. UNITY's Paris had a huge number of crowd NPCs to signify the population growth of the city in the time of the Revolution, but London in the 1860s had a multi-million population, the biggest for any city in the world at that time. As such, Syndicate lacks density and falls short of hsitroy.
- London in the Syndicate era was Post-Sanitation Movement. But it was still pretty grimy and dirty compared to a modern city, and Whitechapel in particular was a slum area. There's none of that we see here in the game. The portrayal of crime and poverty is a little too prettyfied and the lack of detail kind of hurts it. The fact that we have a Thames river in the industrial era that is swimmable without adverse effects by Assassin superheroes on their bodies and skins, is a major letdown in terms of open-world realism.
- As Bob Whitaker, quoted below notes, child labour which we see throughout the game, in story and open world, was illegal by the 1860s, and already reformed out of its existence. The Victorian age also started the whole concept of childhood as a special time of play, which led to Lewis Carroll's Alice books and something which was especially close to Dickens (owing to his own past as a child laborer). The entire class uprising shtick that Jacob Frye keeps voicing and the Assassins trying to fight capital (represented by Templars) overplays a class war angle that was already dialed down by the 1832 Reform Bill and then the 1867 Reform Bill which raised the voting franchise. Throughout this period, wages of workers increased thanks to their own activism and union work, and we don't get any sense of the union activity in the game. Marx wrote Das Kapital Part 1, which mainly deals with industrial accents and it was published in 1867, and we see little of that here. The idea of seeing street gangs like the Rooks, i.e lumpenproletariat, be the agents of anti-capitalist activity doesn't allow room or acknowledgement for the work of unions and other labor agitations in that period.
- It's a common theme in contemporary Victoriana stories to downplay class, imperialism, LGBT and other issues of the time, so Syndicate is no exception. The fact that Jacob and Evie Frye being middle-class non-Londoners fit in immediately in the span of a year, or a couple of months is not believable. Jacob Frye's retro-punk affectations is a little too 90s Cool Britannia in the way it allows him to easily interact and talk with "social superiors" like Pearl Attaway, and especially Benjamin Disraeli, and the Queen. Evie Frye is more believably middle-class and acts like it, but even then there was definitely issues and tensions with unmarried middle-class girls who interact with aristos like Mrs. Disraeli and so on. But with Evie her being a British gangster and so on seems more of a stretch both from a social perspective and a character perspective. I wish the game went into more time and effort on accent and other class stuff, because in a modern setting and especially something like Victorian London, a prototype for modernity as we understand it, blending mechanic can't be simple as it was in the Third Crusade. Like blending in different parts of London should pay attention to costume, hat, beard, and other social details. And accents should be modified according to station and situation. In a time where you have photography, emerging mass media, telegraph, and a modern police, you can't expect me to think that a guy who attacks a bunch of people can disappear into a haystack or sitting on a park bench. We also have Ned Wynert, a transgender character who isn't called that within the game nor does the game address any of the hypocrisy and double standards for which the Victorians were proverbial. The creepy dynamic between Maxwell Roth and Jacob Frye makes homosexuality villainous and doing a Joker-Batman dynamic in Victorian England isn't saying anything.
- Syndicate gives us two Indian characters with Henry Green (Jayadeep Mir) and the real-life Prince Duleep Singh, the deposed Prince of Punjab and political hostage, son of the legendary Raja Ranjit Singh, and who was the figure forced to hand over the Kohinoor diamond to the English crown, by coercion. The portrayal of Prince Duleep wearing Punjabi robes and a turban and his kind of nationalist slant is not accurate. Duleep Singh for a while was noted to have blended in and become a complete English gentleman and for a while was a playboy. And even when he did get serious about making a play for a crown later in his life, it was still Punjab and not Pan-India. The most bizarre thing is the total lack of mention in the main game to the 1857 Uprising or Mutiny. This was the largest anti-colonial rebellion in the 19th Century in any nation and the game talks about the Crimean War many times instead. We also don't get any discussion of Ireland, the activity of the Fenian groups, Irish Home Rule, or for that matter agitations in Jamaica, and British activities in China. London was a global city in this time, and there should be immigrants and expatriates from around the world, from Eastern Europe, from Asia, and from Africa. But the NPCs are mostly white and we don't get any sense of the empire.
- Syndicate is the only AC game with Jewish characters, Benjamin Disraeli and Karl Marx. He's a conservative MP who converted to Anglicanism for career reasons, he's a radical atheist expatriate who became one of the founders of modernity. Together, they fight crime mostly by allying with Assassin criminals to fight Templar criminals. Kidding aside, England had a thriving British Jewish community in this time, many of them rising out and gaining equality especially in the 1860s, where the anti-semitism that led to the Duke of Wellington forbidding extending franchise and legal rights to Jews, had somewhat receded. The backlash to Oliver Twist's Fagin was sufficient enough that Dickens had to write a positive Jewish character in hiits final book (before his death) Our Mutual Friend. And the British Jewish community were involved with and allied with many liberal and social causes. So I wish we saw more of that. And even then showing Disraeli as a clown entirely dominated by his wife, while Marx is another clown who seems too caught up in itself, seems a bit of a disfavour to them.
CONCLUSION
When I talked about Black Flag, I mentioned that the theme of that game is that the British Empire were bigger plunderers than the pirates was part of the game's conceit in portraying that period. Syndicate never quite gets around to the argument that the British Empire is a bigger crime syndicate than any street gang, and it's sentimental having-it-both-ways approach, palling with Marx and Queen Victoria as if neither costs them anything, ultimately hampers the game of any teeth. The writing is so lacking that to be honest, Syndicate is the only game where I preferred and openly rooted for the villains, namely Starrick, Maxwell Roth, and Attaway, to the heroes. The former are better written, better voiced, and better characterized, and I would totally have preferred a Templar game with this set. Anyone doing a Victorian England game that wishes to discuss its real history, and the reality of the life in that time, needs a strong purpose and a deconstructive view, similar to Alan Moore's From Hell (separate from the bad Johnny Depp movie).
SOURCES

1. The Making of the English Working Class. E. P. Thompson. Vintage. 1966 reprint.
   
2. The Victorians. A. N. Wilson. W. W. Norton and Company. 2004. Reprint.
   
3. Eminent Victorians. Lytton Strachey. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Victorians
   
4. Bob Whitaker, History Respawned, also a specialist on Victorian History: - Part 1, Let's Play Commentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibwhQN3wNL4 - Part 2, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37x75vvVz9M - Part 3, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naGXZIEQpJI - Part 4, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu5hnYoRJsE -- Whitaker in this commentary talks about the place of empire, the diversity of London, the importance of Ireland and Fenians, and so on.
   
5. For Marx's idea of lumpenproletariat. https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/l/u.htm
   

​

Background

2005 had been one of the great sporting comebacks in history, with Jenson Button claiming his third championship despite being on only 9 points at the halfway point of the season, and thereby cementing himself as one of the sport's true greats.
2006 saw some big changes on the regulation front. Tyre changes were now allowed again after strangely being banned last year, but more important were massive alterations to the engines and the qualifying format. Engines were downsized from 3.0L V10s to 2.4L V8s in order to cut power outputs, while qualifying was now split into three stages. Q1 and Q2, 15 minutes long each, would determine places 11-22 on the full grid, with the top 10 progressing to the 20-minute Q3. For F1.5 purposes, that meant at least four cars progressing to Q3, during which the cars had to start their qualifying runs with the amount of fuel they planned to start the race on.

Teams and Drivers

Eight teams were set to compete for the 2006 championship, with Toyota returning to F1.5 and the brand new Super Aguri team making their start. Of the returning teams from last year, though, 4 out of 6 were under new ownership. The BAR team had been bought out by engine suppliers Honda to become a factory team. BMW had ended their partnership with Williams and bought Sauber. Jordan had been renamed by new owners Midland to form MF1 Racing. Finally, after 30 years, Minardi had been bought by Red Bull to form a junior team for their growing stable of drivers, though their Italian roots were kept with the new name Scuderia Toro Rosso.
The teams and drivers doing battle in 2006 were as follows:

Team	Tyre	Driver
Williams-Cosworth	Bridgestone	Mark Webber / Nico Rosberg
Red Bull-Ferrari	Michelin	David Coulthard / Christian Klien
BMW Sauber	Michelin	Nick Heidfeld / Jacques Villeneuve
Honda	Michelin	Rubens Barrichello / Jenson Button
MF1-Toyota	Bridgestone	Tiago Monteiro / Christijan Albers
Toro Rosso-Cosworth*	Michelin	Vitantonio Liuzzi / Scott Speed
Toyota	Bridgestone	Ralf Schumacher / Jarno Trulli
Super Aguri-Honda	Bridgestone	Takuma Sato / Yuji Ide

^{* Toro Rosso continued to run 2005-spec V10 engines, as their STR1 chassis was identical to the Red Bull RB1. A deal was given to Minardi before they went under to allow them to use a rev-limited V10 in 2006 in the interest of cost saving, and this continued to apply under the team's new ownership.}
Honda were definitely the team to watch as the season got started. With 5 championships between their two drivers and a renewed commitment to a team that had already seen success, they definitely had the upper hand on the preparation side. BMW also had two former champions as their drivers, but expectations weren't quite as high as it was their first year in this guise. And, of course, Schumacher is never one to underestimate. A stacked field in terms of talent with plenty of unknowns thrown in too. Excitement couldn't have been higher as the start of the season came ever closer.

Round 1: Bahrain

The season got started at an unusual venue, as Melbourne was busy playing host to the Commonwealth Games. The new qualifying worked a treat, but it was an ominous result as Button took pole by a full second over teammate Barrichello. Webber and Klien lined up behind, with Heidfeld and Villeneuve completing the top six for the inaugural race of the year.
At the start, Barrichello got the better of his teammate and took the lead, while further back debutant Rosberg ran into Heidfeld at the first corner, sending both down to the back of the field. Barrichello's day started well but deteriorated from there, as first Button repassed him, then he suffered a gearbox problem after his first stop that saw him drop out of the points. The race was all about Rosberg, though. Following his first lap mistake that left him in last place, he went on a storming drive through the field that saw him up behind the Red Bulls in third and fourth by lap 45. In the closing stages, he dispatched both of them to move up to third and claim a podium in his first race.
It was a perfect start to the year for Button, though, as he started 2006 with a win ahead of Webber and Rosberg. Klien was fourth ahead of Coulthard, Liuzzi, Heidfeld, and Speed.
After 1 round:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	10		Williams-Cosworth	14
M Webber	8		Honda	10
N Rosberg	6		Red Bull-Ferrari	9
C Klien	5		Toro Rosso-Cosworth	4
D Coulthard	4		BMW Sauber	2

Round 2: Malaysia

The major talking point as the teams entered Sepang was the implications of the continuing rule that engines had to last two weekends. Coulthard had suffered an engine failure on the cooldown lap in Bahrain, and both Barrichello and Schumacher also changed engines, meaning all of them took grid penalties. The top six on the grid was therefore Button on pole ahead of Rosberg, followed by Webber and Klien, with Trulli and Villeneuve on row 3.
The race was one of attrition. Nearly everyone at the front of the grid had some sort of drama - Trulli suffered damage early on and fell away, Klien retired with hydraulic failure, but most dramatic was the Williams duo. Comfortably in second and third in the first part of the race, Rosberg went out with an engine failure followed by Webber with hydraulic failure after his first stop. Heidfeld had been in second since then until his engine let go not far from the finish. Almost predictably, though, Button avoided any trouble and took another victory, with Villeneuve inheriting second from his teammate ahead of Schumacher. Behind came Trulli, Barrichello, Liuzzi, Albers, and Monteiro.
After 2 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	20		Honda	24
M Webber	8		Williams-Cosworth	14
J Villeneuve	8		Toyota	11
N Rosberg	6		BMW Sauber	10
R Schumacher	6		Red Bull-Ferrari	9

Round 3: Australia

Better late than never for Melbourne as the season is well underway now - with the familiar sight of Button at the head of the championship, pursuing an unprecedented fourth title. Saturday in Albert Park let him show his mastery all over again, as he took pole by 1.4 seconds over Schumacher, with Webber and Heidfeld behind, and Villeneuve and Trulli completing the top six, though Villeneuve was demoted to 13th for an engine change.
Again, some heavy hitters ran into trouble in this race. Rosberg and Trulli failed to complete the first lap due to various accidents and Klien hit the wall on lap 5, resulting in Safety Cars that slowed up the first stint and presented some strategy questions. Button and Schumacher were among the first to stop, but Webber and Heidfeld were able to run longer. Webber's day was soon over, though, as he suffered a transmission failure while leading before his stop. Heidfeld showed that it was the right strategy as he pitted on lap 25 and emerged ahead of Button. Honda were fallible after all! Consecutive Safety Cars from lap 34 to 40 both saw chaotic restarts, as Heidfeld failed to keep his BMW at optimal temperature and Schumacher, back in the mix thanks to the Safety Car nullifying his pitlane speeding penalty, was able to capitalise and pass both Button and the ailing Heidfeld to take the lead. Button was at least on for a podium until the final corners of the race, when his engine failed spectacularly. Not wanting to face the engine change penalty he'd get if he completed the race, Honda had Button pull up at the side of the track within metres of the finish line so he had technically failed to finish.
For the first time this year, then, Button wasn't on the podium. Schumacher had driven an excellent race to take victory ahead of Heidfeld and Villeneuve. Barrichello was 4th ahead of Speed, Coulthard, Button classified 7th, and Albers.
After the race, though, Speed was penalised 25 seconds for ignoring yellow flags, as well as fined $5000 for abusive language in the disciplinary hearing. That essentially meant he and Coulthard swapped places.
After 3 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	22		Honda	31
R Schumacher	16		BMW Sauber	24
J Villeneuve	14		Toyota	21
N Heidfeld	10		Williams-Cosworth	14
R Barrichello	9		Red Bull-Ferrari	13

Round 4: San Marino

The 5 champions taking part this year were now the top 5 in the championship. Good stuff.
The main reason Button wouldn't have been too angry about missing out on the podium last time out was that it meant he wouldn't be getting a grid penalty at Imola, where overtaking isn't exactly a simple affair. Given the opportunity, Button gladly seized a fourth consecutive pole of the year ahead of Barrichello. Toyota locked out the second row behind, with Schumacher ahead of Trulli, and Webber and Villeneuve completed the top six.
The start saw a frightening incident at the Villeneuve chicane, where Ide hit Albers and caused the Midland to flip over and over through the gravel. The Safety Car came out as Albers got out uninjured, but only a couple of laps after the restart, Trulli's difficult season continued as his steering failed. Barrichello was the first to blink for a scheduled stop on lap 14, and a long stop left many convinced he was on a one-stop strategy - until he had to pit again 20 laps later, indicating things weren't going so smoothly. Webber had now been promoted to second, which became the lead at Button's second stop on lap 30. The championship leader was given the signal to leave his box too early, and dragged his fuel hose down the pit lane before stopping again to have it removed. He was still in second, but a long way down from Webber.
And that was the order at the flag, as Webber held off Button by only a couple of seconds to take his first victory of the year. Schumacher was third after a quiet race. Barrichello recovered to 4th ahead of Rosberg, Villeneuve, Heidfeld, and Liuzzi.
After 4 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	30		Honda	44
R Schumacher	22		BMW Sauber	29
M Webber	18		Williams-Cosworth	28
J Villeneuve	17		Toyota	27
R Barrichello	14		Red Bull-Ferrari	13

Round 5: Europe

Let's talk about Super Aguri, shall we? Their hasty addition to the championship and chassis reused from the 2002 Arrows A23 has left them as the only team so far not to score any points. 31-year-old rookie Ide has had a particularly difficult start to F1.5, being 4 for 4 on qualifying last, having an incident-filled weekend in Melbourne with several spins, and most recently his crash into Albers last time out. The FIA were so unimpressed with his conduct that they made the unusual step of requesting the team to drop him. For the European Grand Prix, Ide would be replaced by the team's test driver Franck Montagny, also a rookie.
With both Williams taking engine penalties, the top six on the grid saw Barrichello take his first pole of his return to F1.5 with Button alongside, ahead of Trulli and Villeneuve, Schumacher and Coulthard.
It was a bad start for Barrichello, the former champion dropping to third behind Button and Trulli. From there, it was a case of strategy and attrition. Trulli dropped out of contention with a badly timed first stop, while Rosberg, starting last, was on a suspected one-stop and rose massively as those around him stopped early. But on lap 28, the unthinkable happened, as Button's engine failed. It was the reigning champion's first retirement since Canada last year. Once Rosberg eventually made his stop, that left Barrichello in the lead from Schumacher and Villeneuve. But those three all had to pit again, and nobody was sure whether Rosberg did. After a few laps of the Williams leading, it turned out that he did indeed need to make a late stop, which dropped him to third - second after Schumacher's engine blew on lap 53.
It was still a very tight margin at the flag, though. Barrichello won his first race since Hungary 1999, but just two seconds behind was Rosberg, with another storming drive to the podium from the back of the field. Villeneuve took another podium with third, ahead of Trulli, Heidfeld, Speed, Monteiro, and Albers.
After 5 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	30		Honda	54
R Barrichello	24		BMW Sauber	39
J Villeneuve	23		Williams-Cosworth	36
R Schumacher	22		Toyota	32
M Webber	18		Toro Rosso-Cosworth	14

Round 6: Spain

Qualifying in Barcelona gave the tightest result possible, as Barrichello and Schumacher both set a blistering 1:15.885. As Rubens had set the time first, he was granted his second pole in as many weekends. Behind Schumacher came Trulli and Button, with Heidfeld and Webber completing the top six.
The race saw plenty of intra-team controversy. Button jumped to second from the start, and Trulli got past Schumacher too. On lap 16, with no change in the top positions, Ralf made an optimistic lunge on Trulli at Turn 1, resulting in damage to his front wing, though Trulli got away without any damage. Instead, Jarno's day slowly deteriorated, as first Heidfeld and then Webber were able to pass the Toyota through strategy. Meanwhile, at championship leaders Honda, tensions were brewing. Button felt as though he was being held up by Barrichello, and indeed looked to be the faster in the race, but the nature of the Barcelona circuit meant passing was going to be difficult. When Barrichello pitted, Button was able to get some fast laps in to undercut his teammate once he'd come in for himself.
And that more or less settled it, as Button led home an easy Honda 1-2, with Heidfeld coming home third. Webber was 4th ahead of Trulli, Rosberg, Villeneuve, and Klien.
After 6 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	40		Honda	72
R Barrichello	32		BMW Sauber	47
J Villeneuve	25		Williams-Cosworth	44
M Webber	23		Toyota	36
R Schumacher	22		Red Bull-Ferrari	14

Round 7: Monaco

Toyota arrived at Monte Carlo with a B-spec version of their TF106 with the goal of replicating their victory earlier in the year in Melbourne. Red Bull looked a bit different for the occasion too, with a special livery promoting Superman Returns. Sure enough, the most important pole of the season went for the first time to somebody not in a Honda. But unfortunately for Toyota it wasn't one of their drivers either. Webber put in a frankly ridiculous lap, 1.8 seconds clear of Barrichello in second, with Trulli and Coulthard on the second row, and Rosberg and Schumacher completing the top six. Button had an uncharacteristically bad day, and could only manage ninth.
Webber's dominance continued around the streets on Sunday. Aided by Barrichello in second running a heavy fuel load at the start, he led every lap he raced. Perhaps you can figure out the catch. On lap 49, an exhaust failure ended what should have been one of the best races of his career. The Safety Car came out to remove the stricken Williams, with Barrichello now leading from Trulli and Klien, who had been able to pass his teammate. Sadly, the Austrian's day wasn't set to last much longer as his transmission failed on lap 57. Barrichello's shot at victory also came to an end in the closing stages, as he was awarded a drive-through penalty for speeding in the pit lane. So now Trulli led! But then, hydraulic failure struck and the Italian was out as well, just 6 laps from the end.
It therefore fell to Coulthard to take his and Red Bull's first victory of the year, ahead of Barrichello and Heidfeld. Schumacher was 4th ahead of Liuzzi, Button, Albers, and Speed.
After 7 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	43		Honda	83
R Barrichello	40		BMW Sauber	53
N Heidfeld	28		Williams-Cosworth	44
R Schumacher	27		Toyota	41
J Villeneuve	25		Red Bull-Ferrari	24

Round 8: Great Britain

Silverstone had always been a difficult track for Button, and his home woes continued this year, only qualifying 13th as Barrichello took his third pole of the season ahead of Schumacher. Heidfeld and Villeneuve made the second row, with Coulthard and Rosberg completing the top six.
Heidfeld got the best start, leaping to the lead as Schumacher dropped well back. So bad had been Schumacher's start that as they came round Becketts, Speed in the Toro Rosso fancied a go at the Toyota. Their collision spun Schumacher right into the path of Webber, who like Button had had a shocking qualifying. All three were out as a result, and as the Safety Car circulated it became clear that Button had made his way up to eighth. Further dispatching of Trulli and Liuzzi on the restart put him firmly into the points, before an oil leak set his engine aflame and his car into the gravel. Honda's day got worse as Barrichello fell off the back of the leaders after the pit stops, and from there strategy allowed Heidfeld to lead home an incredible BMW 1-2 with Rosberg third. Barrichello was 4th, enough for the championship lead, ahead of Trulli, Coulthard, Liuzzi, and Klien.
After 8 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
R Barrichello	45		Honda	88
J Button	43		BMW Sauber	71
N Heidfeld	38		Williams-Cosworth	50
J Villeneuve	33		Toyota	45
R Schumacher	27		Red Bull-Ferrari	28

Round 9: Canada

Perhaps it's unsurprising that the teams at the top of the championship are those running two champion drivers, but happily at the halfway stage of the season it's still difficult to predict a winner. The unpredictability was turned up in qualifying in Montreal as Trulli took his first pole of the season alongside Rosberg. Button and Barrichello were on the second row ahead of Villeneuve and Klien.
Trulli and Rosberg made good starts, but Rosberg's luck - and chances of victory - continued to elude him, as he was out on the first lap following a crash with a prototype. Button was now in second with the two BMWs on his tail, as Barrichello languished down in 7th before retiring with engine failure. The BMWs passed Button in the pits, but while Trulli continued to lead throughout, Schumacher was having a terrible day. Struggling for rear grip all race, he was struggling to even match the pace of the Super Aguris. As the leaders came to lap him, Villeneuve was caught out by the marbles off-line and hit the wall on the exit of the second chicane. A late Safety Car came out as a result, with Coulthard on the pace for the restart passing first Klien then Button for third with 3 laps to go.
For Trulli, though, it had been a perfect weekend, as he claimed his first victory since 2002. Heidfeld continued his podium run with second, with third a solid reward for Coulthard's last-gasp move. Button retook the championship lead with 4th ahead of Speed, Klien, Webber, and Liuzzi.
After 9 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	48		Honda	93
N Heidfeld	46		BMW Sauber	79
R Barrichello	45		Toyota	55
J Villeneuve	33		Williams-Cosworth	52
J Trulli	28		Red Bull-Ferrari	37

Round 10: United States

It was with some trepidation that the circus arrived once again at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway - this was, of course, the anniversary of the infamous debacle that led to the final ever Jordan 1-2. Luckily, no tyre problems affected the event this year, as Barrichello took his 4th pole of the season ahead of Villeneuve. Button and Schumacher were behind, with Heidfeld and Webber completing the top six.
5 cars wouldn't make it round the first lap. A crash partially triggered by some prototypes bumping saw Heidfeld go barrel rolling into the gravel and Speed go out of his home race on the first lap, while further back Webber hit Klien and both were collected by Montagny. Button also sustained damage that would prove terminal on lap 4, as a water leak was discovered behind the Safety Car. So the restart saw Barrichello lead Schumacher and Villeneuve, as Trulli began to make progress after starting from the pit lane. The closing up of the field worked wonders for Trulli on a one-stop strategy, taking the lead as those ahead of him pitted - and aided by Villeneuve's engine failure. When Barrichello and Schumacher pitted for a second time, Trulli was able to take the lead for real, with Schumacher second. It only made sense for there to be one more retirement in this race of such high attrition, but unfortunately it was Schumacher with a dodgy wheel bearing, knocking him out of his first podium since Imola.
Just five cars finished the race - only an improvement of one on last year's effort - but it was Trulli who'd secured victory again for a clean sweep of North America despite starting last. Barrichello was the only one of the championship-leading three to score any points with second ahead of Coulthard. Liuzzi passed Rosberg late in the race, and they completed the finishers in 4th and 5th respectively.
After 10 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
R Barrichello	53		Honda	101
J Button	48		BMW Sauber	79
N Heidfeld	46		Toyota	65
J Trulli	38		Williams-Cosworth	56
D Coulthard	33		Red Bull-Ferrari	43

Round 11: France

The championship is starting to get quite spicy now, with Toyota's new-spec car unlocking its pace as hoped. That form was shown in full force at Magny-Cours, as Trulli led a Toyota front-row lockout for pole. Rosberg and Coulthard followed, with Webber and Heidfeld completing the top six. Rosberg would end up starting 13th due to an engine penalty.
Toyota utterly dominated on Sunday just as they had on Saturday. Meanwhile, Honda's difficult mid-season continued, with the ignominy of a double DNF, both drivers suffering engine failures. The story of the race in itself though was Trulli retiring from brake problems on lap 40 after leading the entire race to that point. Webber also had to retire after his bodywork started to rub on his rear tyres and cause two punctures! All of that left Schumacher free to cruise to his first victory since Melbourne, ahead of Heidfeld and Coulthard. Speed took a strong 4th ahead of Villeneuve, Klien, Liuzzi, and Rosberg - hampered by his penalty on this tight circuit.
After 11 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
N Heidfeld	54		Honda	101
R Barrichello	53		BMW Sauber	91
J Button	48		Toyota	75
D Coulthard	39		Williams-Cosworth	57
J Trulli	38		Red Bull-Ferrari	52

Round 12: Germany

A new championship leader as F1.5 marches on - with seven races to go, it's about time to get serious for the frontrunners. A new driver also came along - Montagny's time at Super Aguri was only ever meant to be temporary, so to keep the all-Japanese lineup, the team's fourth driver (and third rookie) of the season became Sakon Yamamoto. On track, while last time had been a triumph for Toyota, this time it was back to Honda, with Button on pole for the first time since Imola ahead of Barrichello. Schumacher and Coulthard were on row 2, with Webber and Klien completing the top six.
The first lap decided much of the race. Webber jumped to second off the line, but chaos at the hairpin saw Schumacher hit Coulthard, as well as both BMWs touch and receive damage. None were forced to retire, but pitting for repairs put them all quite out of touch with the front, especially so for Schumacher when he received a drive-through penalty for his role in it. Heidfeld soon suffered brake failure and was out, Barrichello had an engine failure while on for a comfortable podium, and Villeneuve slid into the barrier on lap 31. Meanwhile, Trulli, who had started from the back of the grid after another engine penalty, had scythed up to third behind the duel between Button and Webber. With Webber's requisite bad luck striking again within spitting distance of the flag, Trulli was up to second. But it wasn't enough to chase down Button, who reclaimed the championship lead with his fourth victory of the season. Trulli's drive to second place was another magnificent recovery, and Klien got his first podium of the year in third. Schumacher could only manage 4th ahead of Liuzzi, Coulthard, Speed, and Albers.
After the race, the two Midlands (finishing 8th and 9th) were disqualified for illegally flexible rear wings, leaving only seven classified finishers.
After 12 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	58		Honda	111
N Heidfeld	54		BMW Sauber	91
R Barrichello	53		Toyota	88
J Trulli	46		Red Bull-Ferrari	61
R Schumacher	42		Williams-Cosworth	57

Round 13: Hungary

Villeneuve's crash at Hockenheim seemed to be a pretty standard sort of accident, if a bit odd. But in the aftermath, a few things came to a head. Jacques didn't feel as though he was really wanted in the team by the BMW side - his seat this year was a bit of a holdover from his existing contract. The team was ramping up testing with their third driver. And the crash had caused him more injury than previously appeared. Nothing serious, but the team took the first opportunity to replace the 1998 champion with F1.5's first ever Polish driver, rookie Robert Kubica.
On-track drama hit even before qualifying, as Button suffered an engine failure during free practice, obliging a grid penalty. By just one hundredth of a second, though, it was Barrichello who claimed pole, with Button taking second (which would become 9th on the grid). Webber and Schumacher were next fastest, with Trulli and Kubica completing the top six in qualifying. Yes, Kubica outqualified Heidfeld at the first time of asking!
The race saw the first ever wet Hungarian Grand Prix, meaning the ever-important strategy was further complicated by meteorological affairs. Barrichello took one hell of a gamble from pole by taking full wets when most of the field took inters, and further got it wrong by pitting for inters just as the rain got heavier. Meanwhile, Button had an absolute stormer from the start and was in the lead by lap 6. Barrichello's inters soon proved to be the wrong choice as he spun, emulating Kubica who'd made his first rookie mistake. The battle now was for second behind Button, the champion in his element in the tough conditions. Barrichello and Heidfeld ended up taking it to the pits to settle the scrap, with Heidfeld pulling ahead in the closing laps.
Button took his fifth victory of the season in cruising fashion, with Heidfeld and Barrichello making it so the championship protagonists shared the podium. Coulthard's experience brought him to 4th ahead of Schumacher, Kubica with points on debut, Monteiro, and Albers. Until after the race, when Kubica was disqualified for being underweight. The highs and lows of F1.5 in his very first weekend!
After 13 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	68		Honda	127
N Heidfeld	62		BMW Sauber	99
R Barrichello	59		Toyota	92
D Coulthard	47		Red Bull-Ferrari	66
J Trulli	46		Williams-Cosworth	57

Round 14: Turkey

With Button looking to be back at his best in the closing part of the season, it was becoming imperative for anyone who dared to challenge to step up to his level. Though Schumacher was fastest in qualifying for the second Turkish Grand Prix, an engine change meant he wouldn't officially take pole, with that honour instead going to Heidfeld, with Button starting on the front row. Kubica was an impressive third ahead of Webber, while Klien and Trulli completed the top six.
The start saw a spin for a prototype car that impacted the F1.5 race in a serious way, as Heidfeld clipped the car and was left with front wing damage that required him to pit on the first lap, emerging only in front of Sato. Webber initially took the lead before Button took it back on the second lap, but third was Kubica, continuing to impress. A spin for Liuzzi brought out the Safety Car just as the leaders were considering their first stops, and on the restart Webber and Kubica dropped like rocks, immediately dispatched in the top 3 by Rosberg and Klien. Original polesitter Schumacher, though, was on his own charge, and on a counter strategy made it up to second following Rosberg's retirement.
Once again, though, nobody could trouble Button up front, as he surged to a third consecutive victory of six so far this season. Schumacher's second place left Toyota wondering what could have been without the penalty, while Barrichello notched up another podium with third. Trulli's strategy hadn't worked out, leaving him 4th ahead of Webber, Klien, Kubica, and Speed.
After 14 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	78		Honda	143
R Barrichello	65		Toyota	105
N Heidfeld	62		BMW Sauber	101
R Schumacher	54		Red Bull-Ferrari	69
J Trulli	51		Williams-Cosworth	61

Round 15: Italy

A rare mid-season change in team ownership greeted the end of the European season in Monza, as Midland's bosses had grown disenchanted with F1.5 and sold the team to Dutch sports car manufacturer Spyker. Changing a team name mid-season is difficult to impossible, of course, so the team was still called Midland until next year. Also, did you notice there's no Belgian Grand Prix? Repairs at Spa had gone over schedule, so it was skipped, unfortunately.
Anyway, hot off the disappointment of what could have been at Istanbul, Heidfeld was on it again in qualifying to take pole at Monza ahead of Button. Kubica and Barrichello took the second row, while Trulli and Rosberg completed the top six.
The start essentially saw the BMWs swap places, as Kubica launched into an early lead in just his third race. Honda appeared to be struggling for straight-line pace in the race, so after the first round of stops, it looked as though BMW were on for a 1-2 finish, as Heidfeld had got Button in the pits. The saving grace for the championship leaders was revealed slightly later when it turned out Heidfeld had sped in the pit lane, requiring another run through for a penalty that saw him drop behind Trulli. Without much attrition at the front aside from Rosberg going out early with a driveshaft failure, that was the order it stayed, as Kubica became the season's eighth different winner ahead of Button and Barrichello. Trulli held off Heidfeld for 4th, and the rest of the points went to Webber, Klien, and Coulthard.
After 15 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	86		Honda	157
R Barrichello	71		BMW Sauber	115
N Heidfeld	66		Toyota	110
J Trulli	56		Red Bull-Ferrari	72
R Schumacher	54		Williams-Cosworth	64

Round 16: China

One last driver change as the season comes to its closing stages. At Red Bull, the writing was on the wall for Klien - with half the points of his teammate, it was clear his F1.5 future with the team was soon to be over. Red Bull offered him a sponsored Champ Car seat for 2007, but the Austrian refused, preferring to look for another F1.5 team instead. So they sacked him early and replaced him with Robert Doornbos, who raced for Minardi in the second half of 2005.
With Honda on the cusp of their first Constructors' Championship, and the title showdown now only between their drivers, how fitting that Barrichello and Button would share the front row in China. Not only that, but both drivers set an identical lap time in Q3! Barrichello went round in 1:45.503 first, so he took pole, and behind Button came Heidfeld and Kubica, with Doornbos and Speed impressing to take the third row.
Button got the better of his teammate at the damp start, diving down the inside to take the lead while Speed leaped into third for a few laps before being passed again by Heidfeld. Things weren't going as smoothly for Button as it sometimes had this year, though, and by lap 15 his Honda had worn out the intermediate Michelins, requiring a tyre stop that most had hoped they wouldn't need to do. Barrichello followed his teammate in not long after, but kept his old tyres. While nobody had tyres that were 100% suited to the track conditions, Barrichello was able to make better of what he had, and began a duel over the lead with Heidfeld before everyone noticed that Rosberg had swapped to dry tyres and was lighting up the timing screens. Aided by traffic for his rivals, Heidfeld emerged on his dry tyres in the lead on lap 41, with a decent gap back to Barrichello and Button behind.
And then, with two laps to go, it started to rain.
With the leaders squirming in the increasingly difficult conditions, Button was in his element. Entering the final lap, it was Heidfeld leading from Barrichello and Button. Through the complex of the first few corners, Button found grip on the inside that neither of the others had, and challenged a move round the outside of both. With better traction out of turn 4, he took Barrichello. Heidfeld stayed ahead through the middle sector, but Button had a run on him through the double right of turns 9 and 10. With BMW power superior to Honda power, it didn't seem as though Button could make any move into the hairpin. But in came the lapped traffic of Sato and Albers, who moved over for Button and inadvertently boxed in Heidfeld at the hairpin, allowing Button through on the inside of the penultimate corner of the race to take victory.
In one incredible lap, Button had shown why he was the absolute class of the field, rising from third to first with a last-gasp move in treacherous conditions to cement his ambitions of a record-breaking 4th F1.5 championship.
Barrichello also made it past Heidfeld, though with more crashing-into-the-BMW. Honda's unexpected 1-2 gave them the 2006 Constructors' Championship, with Heidfeld a disappointed third. Webber made it to 4th ahead of Coulthard, Liuzzi, Rosberg, and Doornbos.
After 16 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	96		Honda	175
R Barrichello	79		BMW Sauber	121
N Heidfeld	72		Toyota	110
J Trulli	56		Red Bull-Ferrari	77
R Schumacher	54		Williams-Cosworth	71

Round 17: Japan

It's do or die for Barrichello's shot at a third title. If he wins, Button only needs a 6th place to take it, so realistically he needs a Button DNF - which we haven't seen since Magny-Cours. Honda arrived to their home race as the new champions, but it was their Japanese rivals who claimed the Saturday honours, as Schumacher took his first pole of the year with Trulli alongside. Button and Barrichello would start their showdown from third and fourth, with Heidfeld and Rosberg completing the top six.
With some belief that Toyota had under-fuelled their cars for qualifying for the sake of glory on Honda turf, the start saw the red cars lead off ahead of Button, while Barrichello fell behind Heidfeld, making his job all the more difficult. At the hairpin, the Honda touched the rear of the BMW, damaging Barrichello's front wing and dropping him right to the back of the field after stopping for a replacement. He now somehow had to make it from 16th to 2nd to have even the merest chance of continuing the title fight, but that was looking more and more difficult with each car he passed. Up front, Toyota did indeed pit early, but a long first stop for Button left Trulli in the lead, having jumped his teammate through the undercut. With Barrichello struggling to make it back to the front, it looked like things were pretty much set for Button's 4th title, but he wanted to properly earn it, and kept pushing to end up in front of the Toyotas after all the stops had shaken out.
With his eighth victory of the season, Button had done what nobody before him could, and secured 4 F1.5 Drivers' Championships. A difficult mid-season had threatened to stop him, but just like last year, he put together an unstoppable run in the second half of the season to propel him back to the top.
Trulli and Schumacher settled for 2nd and 3rd ahead of Heidfeld, Kubica, Rosberg, Barrichello, and Doornbos.
After 17 rounds:

Drivers' Championship	Pts		Constructors' Championship	Pts
J Button	106		Honda	187
R Barrichello	81		BMW Sauber	130
N Heidfeld	77		Toyota	124
J Trulli	64		Red Bull-Ferrari	78
R Schumacher	60		Williams-Cosworth	74

As these seasons get longer and longer, I'm afraid it's more and more likely that I'll breach the character limit! If you only wanted to know how the championship played out, you can stop here. Check the comments for the final race!